Written Writing Assignments Should Be Prof

Written Writing Assignmentwritten Assignments Should Be Professional

Written assignments should be professional in appearance, double-spaced, MS Word format, APA/MLA standard; Must be completed in two pages with a three-page limit. Correct spelling, grammar, punctuation and sentence structure. Use references and as many outside sources as you can to substantiate your opinions. Topic is: What are values, why are they important, and what is the difference between terminal and instrumental values?

Paper For Above instruction

Values are fundamental beliefs that guide attitudes and behaviors across different contexts in personal, social, and organizational life. They serve as internal standards that influence decision-making, shape character, and determine priorities. Understanding values is essential because they underpin our actions and interactions, fostering coherence in individual behavior and social harmony. They also impact personal development, ethical considerations, and societal progress.

The importance of values can be observed in various domains. In personal life, they help individuals develop a sense of identity and purpose. In professional environments, shared values cultivate organizational culture and ethical standards, guiding conduct and decision-making processes. Societally, values promote cohesion and social order by establishing norms that facilitate cooperation and mutual respect. Moreover, in multicultural societies, understanding diverse values fosters tolerance and intercultural dialogue, reducing conflicts and promoting social integration.

In contrast, instrumental values are the means or modes of behavior that lead to the achievement of terminal values. They are the preferred ways of acting and include qualities like honesty, responsibility, politeness, and courage. Instrumental values function as the behavioral tools necessary to attain desired end-states. For instance, honesty is instrumental in building trust, which can lead to the terminal value of integrity or credibility.

The distinction between terminal and instrumental values is significant because it helps individuals understand what they ultimately seek versus how they should act to reach those ends. In organizational settings, aligning instrumental values such as teamwork and responsibility with terminal values like success and innovation can foster ethical culture and organizational effectiveness. Similarly, personal development often involves clarifying which terminal values are most important and adopting instrumental values that support these goals.

In conclusion, values are vital components of human life that influence behavior, shape identity, and uphold societal norms. Differentiating between terminal and instrumental values provides clarity about our ultimate goals and the means to achieve them. By understanding and aligning these values appropriately, individuals and organizations can foster ethical conduct, achieve personal and collective success, and contribute positively to society.

References

• Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. Free Press.
• Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
• Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are There Universal Aspects in the Content and Structure of Values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45.
• Feather, N. T. (1992). Values, Expectations, and Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(15), 1220-1235.
• Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. J. (1986). A General Theory of Marketing Ethics. Journal of Macromarketing, 6(1), 5-15.
• Batson, C. D., & Shaw, L. L. (1991). Evidence for Altruism: Toward a Revision of the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 429–437.
• Kluckhohn, C., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in Value Orientations. Row, Peterson.
• Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations. Sage Publications.
• Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Value Dimension and Culture. In W. F. J. M. van de Vijver & Y. H. Tanzer (Eds.), Cross-Cultural Measurement in Psychology (pp. 221-242). Cambridge University Press.
• Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extensions and Cross-Cultural Replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 550–562.