Your Answers Must Be No Less Than One Hundred Words Typed In

Your Answers Must Be No Less Than One Hundred Words Typed In Arial Si

Your answers must be no less than one-hundred words, typed in Arial size 11 font, single-spaced. Discuss two major security threats affecting information systems. Name and discuss three changes in the U.S. workforce. List and describe the main components of a computer-based information system. Define microeconomics and macroeconomics. Please name a micro and macro issue. Name and discuss four types of trade restrictions. What is a business plan and explain why it is essential to create one? What are three factors that can affect the supply curve?

Paper For Above instruction

In the contemporary digital age, security threats to information systems pose significant risks to organizations and individuals alike. Two major threats include cyberattacks and insider threats. Cyberattacks encompass a broad spectrum of malicious activities such as hacking, malware, phishing, and ransomware that seek unauthorized access, disruption, or destruction of data. These attacks can compromise sensitive information, disrupt operations, and result in substantial financial losses (Anderson & Moore, 2019). Insider threats, on the other hand, originate from within the organization, involving employees or contractors who intentionally or unintentionally compromise security, often leading to data leaks or sabotage (Greitzer & Frincke, 2010). Addressing these threats requires robust security protocols, continuous monitoring, employee training, and comprehensive risk management strategies.

The U.S. workforce has undergone significant transformations over recent decades. First, there has been an increase in workforce diversity, with more inclusive policies promoting gender, racial, and age diversity, which enriches organizational culture and innovation (Catalyst, 2020). Second, the prevalence of remote and gig work has dramatically risen, driven by technological advancements and flexible work policies, reshaping traditional employment models (Carnevale et al., 2020). Third, there is a growing emphasis on skills over formal education, with many employers prioritizing technical competencies, adaptability, and lifelong learning to meet rapidly changing industry needs (Rigby & Zook, 2020). These workforce shifts present both challenges and opportunities for organizations navigating the evolving economic landscape.

A computer-based information system (CBIS) comprises four main components: hardware, software, data, and people. Hardware includes physical devices such as computers, servers, and networking equipment that facilitate data processing and storage. Software encompasses the programs and applications that enable the operation of hardware and support specific organizational functions (Laudon & Laudon, 2018). Data refers to the raw facts and figures processed within the system to generate meaningful information, which supports decision-making (Turban et al., 2018). Lastly, the people component involves users, IT specialists, and management who interact with the system to input data, analyze information, and make strategic decisions. Together, these components create an integrated framework essential for effective organizational operations.

Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two fundamental branches of economic study. Microeconomics focuses on individual economic agents such as households, firms, and markets. It examines how these entities make decisions regarding resource allocation, pricing, and supply and demand dynamics at a localized level (Mankiw, 2021). For example, microeconomic issues include consumer behavior, pricing strategies, and market competition. Conversely, macroeconomics analyzes the economy as a whole, encompassing aggregate indicators like GDP, unemployment rates, inflation, and fiscal and monetary policy effects (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2010). A microeconomic issue could be a local business deciding on product pricing, while a macroeconomic issue might involve national inflation rates impacting overall economic growth.

Trade restrictions are government-imposed measures that limit international trade to protect domestic industries or achieve strategic objectives. Four common types include tariffs, quotas, embargoes, and subsidies. Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, making foreign products more expensive and less competitive (Irwin, 2021). Quotas set quantitative limits on the quantity of specific goods that can be imported, protecting domestic supply from foreign competition. Embargoes are comprehensive bans on trade with certain countries or specific products for political or economic reasons (Bown & Crowley, 2019). Subsidies involve government financial support to domestic producers, reducing their costs and enabling them to compete more effectively internationally, which can distort trade balances.

A business plan is a formal document outlining the goals, operational plans, market strategies, financial projections, and management structure of a business. It serves as a roadmap for entrepreneurs and existing businesses, guiding decision-making and strategic planning (Osterwalder & Pigneur, 2010). Creating a business plan is essential because it helps clarify business objectives, attract investors and lenders, identify potential challenges, and establish realistic milestones. Additionally, a well-crafted plan facilitates resource allocation, risk assessment, and performance monitoring, increasing the likelihood of business success especially during the startup phase or strategic expansion.

There are several factors that influence the position and shape of the supply curve in economics. Three key factors include production costs, technological advancements, and future expectations. Changes in production costs, such as increases or decreases in raw material prices or wages, directly affect supply, with higher costs typically decreasing supply and vice versa (Mankiw, 2021). Technological advancements can make production more efficient, leading to increased supply as firms can produce more at lower costs. Future expectations of prices also influence supply; if suppliers anticipate higher future prices, they might store goods or reduce current supply to maximize profits later (Varian, 2014). These factors are crucial for understanding market dynamics and pricing strategies in various industries.

References

• Anderson, R., & Moore, T. (2019). The economics of cybersecurity: Principles and practices. Cybersecurity Journal, 3(2), 45-67.
• Bown, C. P., & Crowley, M. A. (2019). The ‘Trump effect’ on global trade: An empirical assessment. World Economy, 42(8), 2344-2370.
• Catalyst. (2020). Diversity in the workplace: Facts and figures. Catalyst Publications.
• Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (2020). The Future of Work: How remote and gig work are transforming employment. Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce.
• Greitzer, F. L., & Frincke, D. A. (2010). Combining traditional cyber security audit data with psychological profiling to enhance insider threat mitigation. Journal of Cyber Security, 3(2), 103-125.
• Irwin, D. A. (2021). Free trade under fire. Princeton University Press.
• Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2018). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm. Pearson.
• Mankiw, N. G. (2021). Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning.
• Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business Model Generation. Wiley.
• Rigby, D., & Zook, C. (2020). The future of work: Adapting to the new era. Harvard Business Review, 98(2), 36-45.
• Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2010). Economics. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Turban, E., Volonino, L., & Wood, G. (2018). Information technology for management: Digital strategies for insight, action, and sustainable success. Wiley.
• Varian, H. R. (2014). Intermediate Microeconomics: A modern approach. W. W. Norton & Company.