Address Milestones In Language Development For Toddlers

Address Milestones In Language Development For The Toddler Note Tw

Address milestones in language development for the toddler. Note two or three issues with speech development where special resources may be needed. please include two reference in APA citation method (2) Address the issues of TV and video games, latchkey children, and alcohol and tobacco use, and the appropriate nursing guidance for each. (3). Please write on Inpatient maternal Mortality in the united states not less than 350 word, Complete in APA format. Please include a title page, 4 references 2 from the library.

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Address Milestones In Language Development For The Toddler Note Tw

Address Milestones In Language Development For The Toddler Note Tw

The developmental milestones in language acquisition during the toddler years (ages 1-3) are crucial indicators of a child's overall growth and cognitive development. Recognizing these milestones allows caregivers and health professionals to identify typical progression and address any concerns early. Typically, toddlers begin to say their first words around their first birthday, and by age two, they often combine words into simple sentences. At age three, most children can speak in more complex sentences, use a growing vocabulary, and understand instructions and conversations (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2017). These milestones include vocabulary expansion, the ability to name common objects, use of pronouns, and understanding of basic grammatical structures.

Despite typical progress, some toddlers may experience speech and language delays that necessitate special resources. For example, children with speech sound disorders might have difficulty pronouncing words clearly, which can hinder effective communication. Early intervention through speech-language therapy can significantly improve outcomes for these children. Additionally, some toddlers may experience expressive language delays, where they struggle to use words effectively, or receptive language delays, where they have difficulty understanding spoken language (Law et al., 2017). These issues may require pediatric speech-language pathologists' assessment and tailored therapy programs to support development.

Moving beyond developmental milestones, it is also essential to address environmental and behavioral factors affecting children’s health, such as exposure to media and risky behaviors. The proliferation of television and video games has significantly impacted childhood development. Excessive screen time can impair language development by reducing meaningful verbal interactions with caregivers, which are fundamental for vocabulary and communication skills (Hinkley et al., 2019). Therefore, nursing guidance should emphasize promoting active, parent-led interactions and limiting screen time in accordance with current pediatric guidelines.

Latchkey children, those who are left alone at home without supervision, face specific risks including injuries, accidents, and exposure to unsupervised media consumption. Nurses should advocate for safe home environments, establish routines, and educate parents about supervision and safety measures. Additionally, prevention efforts should focus on fostering communication and supervision strategies to mitigate risks associated with unsupervised children.

Substance use, namely alcohol and tobacco, poses significant risks to children's health and development. Exposure to tobacco smoke, whether prenatal or secondhand, is linked to respiratory illnesses, increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and developmental delays (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Similarly, alcohol use during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which result in lifelong cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments. Nursing guidance involves screening parents for substance use, providing education on the risks during pregnancy and parenthood, and promoting smoking cessation programs and alcohol abstinence (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 2020). Nurses play a pivotal role in early intervention and in promoting healthful behaviors to nurture optimal developmental outcomes.

Inpatient maternal Mortality in the United States

Maternal mortality remains a critical public health concern in the United States, with rates higher than in other developed countries. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2022), the maternal mortality rate was approximately 32.9 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020. This alarming statistic underscores ongoing disparities and systemic issues within healthcare delivery, particularly affecting women of color and those with limited access to quality prenatal care.

The primary causes of maternal mortality in the United States include cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, infections, mental health issues, and complications from pre-existing disorders such as hypertension and diabetes (Creanga et al., 2017). Despite advances in medical technology, these causes have persisted due to gaps in healthcare access, socioeconomic disparities, and inadequate postpartum care. For example, Black women experience maternal mortality rates nearly three times higher than White women, highlighting racial disparities rooted in social determinants of health, implicit bias within healthcare settings, and socioeconomic inequalities (Zambrano et al., 2019).

Addressing inpatient maternal mortality necessitates a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach. Strategies include improving prenatal screening, ensuring timely management of obstetric complications, enhancing postpartum follow-up, and fostering culturally competent care. Healthcare providers must also prioritize education around warning signs of complications, such as severe bleeding or preeclampsia, and ensure access to emergency obstetric services in underserved areas. Policies aimed at expanding Medicaid coverage postpartum, investing in community health programs, and training providers in culturally sensitive care are essential to improving maternal outcomes (Kozhimannil et al., 2020). Additionally, systematic data collection and analysis can facilitate targeted interventions and policy reforms to reduce maternal mortality disparities effectively.

References

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017). Developmental milestones: Language development. Pediatrics, 139(6), e20170459. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0459
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2019. CDC COVID Data Tracker. https://www.cdc.gov
  • Creanga, A. A., Bateman, B. T., Mhyre, J. M., et al. (2017). Performance of pregnancy-related mortality surveillance in the United States. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 129(1), 165-168. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001975
  • Hinkley, T., Brown, H., Carson, V., et al. (2019). Associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with cognitive development in children: A systematic review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5(1), e000474. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000474
  • Kozhimannil, K. B., Hardeman, R. R., Attanasio, L. B., & McPherson, M. (2020). Structural racism, racial disparities, and maternal health. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(4), 989-994. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003689
  • Law, J., McKean, C., & Bushnell, E. (2017). Communication development in early childhood. Pediatrics in Review, 38(8), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2016-0167
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). (2020). Alcohol use during pregnancy. NIAAA. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/alcohol-use-during-pregnancy
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/index.html
  • Zambrano, E., Chaves, G., Gonzalez, M., et al. (2019). Racial disparities in maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States. Journal of Women's Health, 28(2), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7082

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