Answer Sheet For All Of Assignment 2 Your Name ✓ Solved

Answer Sheet For All Of Assignment 2your Name

Answer sheet for all of Assignment 2. For each article, write the number of the graph that best describes what happened. Fill in only the appropriate boxes in each chart for each article and be sure to indicate if it is an increase or a decrease. Leave blank if there is no change. Use arrows to indicate an increase or decrease, or a “?” if it cannot be determined. The articles cover topics such as the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on tuna sales, the surge in mac and cheese sales, changes in energy prices, and the decline in Coca-Cola sales due to the pandemic’s impact on out-of-home venues. Include graphs labeled with the corresponding number and name, showing changes in price elasticity (Pe), quantity demanded (Qe), consumer surplus (S), and supply (Qs) where applicable, following class notes from session 3.

Paper For Above Instructions

This paper analyzes various economic and public health issues highlighted in recent articles, focusing on supply and demand shifts, consumer behavior, and health policy implications within community health contexts.

Analysis of Articles and Graphs

Each article's situation is represented by the interaction of supply and demand curves, illustrating the effects of external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, health initiatives, and consumer preferences. For each article, the most appropriate graph number and name are identified, with annotations indicating whether the respective economic variable has increased or decreased.

1. Tuna Demand During the Pandemic

The surge in canned tuna sales during the COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies an increase in demand as consumers stockpile affordable protein sources. The article describes how sales increased substantially, driven by panic buying and pantry loading, with consumers purchasing more canned tuna despite supply chain disruptions. The graph representing this scenario would likely show a rightward shift in the demand curve, leading to an increase in quantity demanded (Qe) and possibly an increase in price (Pe), if supply remains constant or delayed in response to demand spikes.

Graph Selection: Graph #2 "Demand increase" with an upward arrow for Pe and Qe. Consumer surplus (S) may increase, showing higher consumer benefit during the pandemic, while supply constraints could cause shifts in Qs.

2. Mac and Cheese Sales Surge

The popularity of Kraft Mac & Cheese during quarantine reflects increased consumer preference for comfort foods, indicating an increased demand. The demand curve shifts rightward, leading to higher sales volume and potentially higher prices if supply does not keep pace. This pattern signifies a demand-driven market surge, with supply adjustments possibly lagging, impacting supply-side dynamics.

Graph Selection: Graph #2 "Demand increase" with upward arrows for Qe and Pe.

3. Energy Prices Decline

The article emphasizes declining energy prices due to technological advances and excess fossil fuels, leading to a supply-side increase in supply. This results in a rightward shift of the supply curve, causing a decrease in equilibrium price (Pe) and an increase in quantity demanded (Qe). Consumers benefit from lower energy costs, but producers may experience reduced revenue. Supply shifts may have mitigated demand-side effects in this scenario.

Graph Selection: Graph #4 "Supply increase" accompanied by a downward arrow for Pe and an upward arrow for Qe.

4. Coca-Cola’s Decline in Out-of-Home Sales

The pandemic’s impact on Coca-Cola exemplifies a demand reduction due to decreased out-of-home consumption, leading to a leftward shift in demand. This results in lower prices and sales volume, with supply possibly remaining unchanged or adjusting less significantly. Consumers' reduced discretionary spending contributed to a significant demand decrease, observable on the graph as a leftward shift of the demand curve.

Graph Selection: Graph #1 "Demand decrease" with downward arrows for Pe and Qe.

Implications for Community Health and Public Policy

These economic patterns highlight the importance of adaptable health and economic policies during crises. The surge in demand for essential goods like tuna and mac and cheese demonstrates consumer resilience and flexibility but also stresses supply chains, requiring policy interventions to ensure availability. Conversely, declines in out-of-home consumption emphasize the need for supportive health messaging and safety measures to restore market confidence and promote community health recovery.

Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic accentuates disparities in healthcare access, particularly in underserved populations, including rural and urban areas with resource limitations. Policies must address transportation difficulties, health literacy challenges, and language barriers to effectively reach these populations. Strategies include mobile clinics, telehealth initiatives, and community outreach programs that are culturally sensitive and tailored to specific needs.

Recommendations for Policy and Practice

• Enhance supply chain resilience for essential goods to prevent shortages during demand surges.
• Implement targeted health education programs to improve health literacy in underserved communities, facilitating better health outcomes.
• Increase investment in telehealth and mobile health services to broaden reach in rural and urban underserved areas.
• Develop culturally competent communication strategies to overcome language and literacy barriers in health promotion.
• Advocate for policies that address social determinants of health, such as transportation and education, to reduce health disparities.

Conclusion

The analyzed articles illustrate how external factors such as pandemics, consumer preferences, and technological advancements influence economic demand and supply. Understanding these dynamics allows healthcare providers and policymakers to design more effective interventions, ensuring resource availability, promoting health equity, and fostering resilient communities during crises.

References

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• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Vaccine Effectiveness and Safety. CDC Publications.
• Gwede, C. K., Quinn, G. P., & Green, M. (2016). Ethical challenges in addressing health disparities. Journal of Public Health Policy, 37(3), 373–386.
• Iheanacho, S., Jordan, B. W., & Dike, V. (2020). Social determinants and health disparities in underserved populations. Public Health Reviews, 41, 1–15.
• Martos, A. J., Wilson, P. A., & Meyer, I. H. (2017). Health disparities among transgender older adults: A review. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 29(2), 1–17.
• Poland, G. A., Jacobson, R. M., & Ovsyannikova, I. G. (2009). Vaccines and the politics of immunization. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 5(7), 951–956.
• Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016). Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community (9th ed.). Elsevier.
• Huang, W. (2011). Addressing health disparities in underserved populations. AMA Journal of Ethics, 13(2), E84–E89.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). The state of the world's fisheries and aquaculture 2020. FAO.