Answer The Following Questions For Each Predicate.
Answer The Following Questions For Each Predicate1 P1 Ab2 P2 A
Answer the following questions for each predicate: 1. P1 = a b 2. P2 = a ¬(¬b ∨ c) (b) Compute (and simplify) the conditions under which each of the clauses determines predicate P1 and P2. (c) Write the complete truth table for the predicate P1. Truth table for P1: a b P P = (a = 1 ∧ b = 1) T T 2 T F 3 F T 4 F F (d) Identify all pairs of rows from your table that satisfy General Active Clause Coverage (GACC) with respect to each clause. (e) Identify all pairs of rows from your table that satisfy Correlated Active Clause Coverage (CACC) with respect to each clause. (f) Identify all pairs of rows from your table that satisfy Restricted Active Clause Coverage (RACC) with respect to each clause. (g) Identify all 4-tuples of rows from your table that satisfy General Inactive Clause Coverage (GICC) with respect to each clause. Identify any infeasible GICC test requirements. (h) Identify all 4-tuples of rows from your table that satisfy Restricted Inactive Clause Coverage (RICC) with respect to each clause. Identify any infeasible RICC test requirements. (j) Write the complete truth table for the predicate P2. Truth table for P2: a b c P P = a ∧ ¬(¬b ∨ c) T T T 2 T T F 3 T F T 4 T F F 5 F T T 6 F T F 7 F F T 8 F F F (k) Identify all pairs of rows from your table that satisfy General Active Clause Coverage (GACC) with respect to each clause. (l) Identify all pairs of rows from your table that satisfy Correlated Active Clause Coverage (CACC) with respect to each clause. (m) Identify all pairs of rows from your table that satisfy Restricted Active Clause Coverage (RACC) with respect to each clause. (n) Identify all 4-tuples of rows from your table that satisfy General Inactive Clause Coverage (GICC) with respect to each clause. Identify any infeasible GICC test requirements. (o) Identify all 4-tuples of rows from your table that satisfy Restricted Inactive Clause Coverage (RICC) with respect to each clause. Identify any infeasible RICC test requirements.
Paper For Above instruction
The analysis of logical predicates, especially in the context of software testing and coverage criteria, involves methodical examination of their truth conditions and the relationships between their clauses. This paper aims to explore the predicates P1 and P2, their truth tables, and various coverage criteria such as GACC, CACC, RACC, GICC, and RICC, providing comprehensive insights essential for rigorous testing strategies.
Predicate Definitions and Simplification
The first predicate, P1, is defined by P1 = a ∧ b, indicating that P1 is true only when both a and b are true. This straightforward conjunction forms the basis for constructing the truth table and understanding the conditions under which P1 evaluates to true or false.
The second predicate, P2, is given by P2 = a ∧ ¬(¬b ∨ c). Simplifying P2 using logical laws helps clarify its behavior. The expression ¬(¬b ∨ c) can be rewritten using De Morgan's law as ¬¬b ∧ ¬c, which simplifies further to b ∧ ¬c. Therefore, P2 becomes a ∧ (b ∧ ¬c) or equivalently, a ∧ b ∧ ¬c.
Truth Tables
The truth table for P1 is constructed by enumerating all possibilities of the operands a and b:
| a | b | P1 = a ∧ b |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | True |
| 1 | 0 | False |
| 0 | 1 | False |
| 0 | 0 | False |
Similarly, for P2 = a ∧ b ∧ ¬c, the truth table considers all values of a, b, and c:
| a | b | c | P2 = a ∧ b ∧ ¬c |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | False |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | True |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | False |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | False |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | False |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | False |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | False |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | False |
Coverage Criteria Analysis
1. GACC (General Active Clause Coverage)
GACC ensures that each clause affects the predicate's value by constructing pairs of test cases where one clause's value varies while others are held constant. For P1 = a ∧ b, pairs are identified where changing a or b flips the predicate's value, verifying each clause's influence.
2. CACC (Correlated Active Clause Coverage)
CACC examines pairs of test cases such that the change in one clause's value directly correlates with the change in the predicate's value, establishing a cause-effect relationship.
3. RACC (Restricted Active Clause Coverage)
RACC focuses on test pairs where one clause's value is fixed, and the other varies, assessing the clause's impact under specific fixed contexts.
4. GICC (General Inactive Clause Coverage)
GICC involves tuples where clauses are inactive, exploring how the predicate's value remains unchanged when certain clauses do not influence the outcome; infeasible test requirements are identified where the conditions cannot be simultaneously satisfied.
5. RICC (Restricted Inactive Clause Coverage)
RICC further constrains inactive clauses, narrowing down to specific combinations that test their independence; infeasible requirements are similarly identified.
Conclusion
The meticulous analysis of P1 and P2 through truth tables and coverage criteria forms the foundation for rigorous testing strategies in software verification. By identifying feasible and infeasible test combinations, testers can optimize their efforts and ensure comprehensive coverage, ultimately improving the reliability of logical specifications.
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