Answer The Following Questions That Pertain To The Last Phas

Answer The Following Questions That Pertain To The Last Phase The Ele

Answer the following questions that pertain to the last phase, the Electron Transport Chain/System: 1. In the electron transport system, H+ ions are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane, and then they come back through what important protein/enzyme? 2. What is the job of oxygen? 3. How is water produced? Stage Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Transition Electron Transport Chain/System Location Product that comes out of this stage Reactant that enters this stage # of ATP generated (net) # of NADH/FADH2 generated Pyruvate NADH and FADH 2 Zero N/A Assignment 5: Cell Respiration The video link of the embedded video in the assignment folder is also available here: After watching the video, complete the table and three questions below by filling in the blank spaces provided. Then, save the file and upload to the assignment folder. R1: R3: L2: L3: L4: P1: P2: P3: P4: A4: A3: A1: N3: L1: Q1: Answer: Q2: Answer: Q3: Answer: N1: N2: Martin Luther King Jr. – Letter from Birmingham Jail Pre-reading Questions What kind of injustice did Martin Luther King find in Birmingham? Why was Martin Luther King disappointed in the white churches? Questions for Critical Reading Define “nonviolent direct action” (para. 2). In what areas of human experience is it best implemented? Is politics its best area of application? What are the four steps in a nonviolent campaign? Do you agree that “law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice” (para. 24)? Why? Describe how law and order either do or do not establish justice in your community. Compare notes with your peers. King describes an unjust law as “a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself” (para. 17). Devise one or two other definitions of an unjust law. What unjust laws currently on the books do you disagree with? What do you think is the best-written paragraph in the essay? Why? King cites “tension” in paragraph 10 and elsewhere as a beneficial force. Do you agree? What kind of tension does he mean? In what ways was King an extremist (para. 30-31)? In his letter, to what extent does King consider the needs of women? Would he feel that issues of women’s rights are unrelated to issues of racial equality? According to King, how should a government function in relation to the needs of the individual? Does he feel, like Thoreau’s “Chinese philosopher,” that the empire is built on the individual? Calendar Question Discuss the question of what one does when one must face an unjust law. What are the real choices? What are the moral imperatives? King worked very hard on behalf of African-American people in the South. It is useful to see in his letter the extent to which he expressed concern for one race over another. To what extent is this a “nonracial” document. Journal Entry

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The last phase of cellular respiration, the Electron Transport Chain (ETC), is a critical component in the process of energy production within cells. It is where the majority of ATP, the cellular energy currency, is generated. The ETC takes place across the inner mitochondrial membrane, utilizing a series of protein complexes that facilitate the transfer of electrons derived from NADH and FADH2, produced during earlier stages such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This process is essential not only for energy generation but also for maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting various metabolic functions.

The key component in the electron transport chain is the enzyme complex called ATP synthase. As protons (H+ ions) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the ETC complexes, they accumulate in the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient. ATP synthase acts as a turbine, allowing H+ ions to flow back into the mitochondrial matrix. The flow of protons through ATP synthase provides the energy necessary for converting ADP into ATP—a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism is vital because it links electron transfer to the production of usable energy, fulfilling the cell's needs for ATP for myriad functions.

Oxygen plays a crucial role as the final electron acceptor in the ETC. Without oxygen accepting electrons at the end of the chain, the entire electron transfer process would halt, leading to a failure in the formation of the proton gradient. As electrons pass through the protein complexes, they reduce oxygen, which combines with protons to form water—a process that is essential for preventing the backup of electrons and maintaining the flow within the chain. This production of water is a unique aspect of aerobic respiration, as it ensures continuous operation of the electron transport system.

The water produced during cellular respiration results from the reduction of oxygen by electrons that have traveled through the ETC. Specifically, oxygen molecules accept electrons at the end of the chain, combining with H+ ions to form H2O. This process not only facilitates effective electron flow but also prevents the accumulation of electrons, which could otherwise disrupt cellular functions. The consumption of oxygen and formation of water are tightly linked processes that reflect the efficiency of aerobic metabolism.

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