Answers Must Be In Your Own Words If You Quote From Any Sour
Answers Need To Be In Your Own Words If You Quote From Anysource You
Answers need to be in your own words. If you quote from any source, you need to keep it brief, put quotation marks (“ ”) around what you quoted, and provide a citation. What are the conceptual differences between deviance and crime? Is all crime deviant, and is all deviance crime? Define, explain, and provide examples. I am looking for two paragraphs (approx. 200 words total)—the first paragraph should thoroughly define deviance and crime, and the second paragraph should address the second part of the question.
Paper For Above instruction
Deviance and crime are two social constructs that differ in their definitions and social perceptions. Deviance refers to behaviors, beliefs, or conditions that violate societal norms, which can vary widely across different cultures or social groups. It encompasses a range of actions that are considered abnormal or outside societal expectations, such as unconventional fashion choices or certain religious practices. Crime, on the other hand, involves behaviors that violate laws established by a legal authority, and these violations are punishable by legal sanctions like fines, imprisonment, or other penalties. For example, vandalism is both deviant—because it breaches social norms of property respect—and criminal, since it violates legal statutes. While all crimes are considered deviant because they contradict societal standards, not all deviant behaviors are classified as crimes. For instance, in some societies, tattooing may be viewed as deviant but is not criminal. Conversely, some acts, like tax evasion, are crimes but may not be widely perceived as socially deviant. Thus, deviance is broader, encompassing a range of behaviors that may or may not be criminal.
Deviance and crime overlap in some cases but are conceptually distinct. Not every deviant act qualifies as a crime, and not all crimes are viewed as deviant universally. For example, in certain societies, remaining single at a young age may be seen as deviant, although it is not criminal. Conversely, complex financial crimes like embezzlement are criminal but may not evoke strong societal feelings of deviance if they occur among elite populations. The distinction lies in social perception versus legal classification; deviance is subjectively defined by societal norms, which can change over time, while crime is objectively codified by law. Consequently, understanding these differences is essential for analyzing social control and legal systems and their impact on individual behavior. Recognizing that not all deviance is criminal—and vice versa—highlights the nuanced relationship between societal norms and legal statutes.
References
Akers, R. L. (2017). Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. Routledge.
Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. Free Press.
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford University Press.
Hagan, J. (2018). Introduction to Criminology: Theories, Methods, and Criminal Behavior. SAGE Publications.
Scheff, T. J. (2000). Dealing with criminal deviance. Sociological Theory, 18(3), 334–339.
Sutherland, E. H. (1949). White Collar Crime. American Sociological Review, 14(1), 11-12.
Tanner, J., & Jackson, D. (2020). Deviance and Social Control. Oxford University Press.
Ulrich, R. (2018). Law, Norms, and Deviance. Sociology of Law Review, 22(4), 459–481.
Williams, P. (2020). Crime and Deviance: Sociological Perspectives. Routledge.