Assignment 4 Chapters 12–15 Due Date Submit Prior To Exam

Assignment 4 Chapters 12 15due Date Submitpriorto Taking Exam 41

Describe the intermediate sanctions in sentencing and give two examples of how they are administered. Define parole and explain how it works. Identify what determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system. Describe the general steps of how the juvenile justice system operates, including how it differs from the adult system.

Paper For Above instruction

Intermediate sanctions in sentencing refer to penalties that fall between traditional probation and imprisonment, designed to provide a more flexible and often less costly alternative for judges to manage offenders while reducing incarceration rates. These sanctions aim to hold offenders accountable, provide rehabilitation, and protect the community. Common examples include probation and electronic monitoring.

Probation is a court-ordered period of supervision in the community, allowing offenders to serve their sentence under specific conditions instead of incarceration. It works by assigning a probation officer who monitors the offender’s behavior, enforces court-imposed conditions, and provides support for rehabilitation. Probation can be revoked if the offender violates terms, leading to incarceration. The goal is to reduce prison populations and facilitate reintegration into society while ensuring accountability.

The jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system is primarily determined by the age of the individual and the nature of the offense. Typically, juveniles are defined as those under 18 years of age, although this age can vary by jurisdiction. Certain offenses, such as crimes of homicide or sexual assault, may influence jurisdictional decisions. Additionally, the juvenile justice system generally has jurisdiction over non-violent offenses committed by minors, focusing on rehabilitation rather than punishment.

The juvenile justice process generally involves several steps. It begins with intake, where authorities decide whether to dismiss the case, divert it, or proceed to formal processing. If processed formally, the juvenile may undergo an informal adjustment, detention hearing, or adjudication hearing—analogous to a trial in the adult system. If found delinquent, the court may impose various dispositions, such as probation, placement in a juvenile facility, or other community-based programs. Unlike the adult system, juveniles have rights to privacy, and their cases are often handled informally to emphasize rehabilitation rather than punishment. The system also involves probation supervision, family intervention, and rehabilitation programs as core components to help juveniles reintegrate into society.

References

• Feeney, C., & Hogan, J. (2020). Juvenile Justice: An Overview. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 31(2), 187–204.
• Schmalleger, F. (2021). Criminology Today: An Integrative Introduction (9th ed.). Pearson.
• Shadd, E. (2019). Juvenile Justice System: Concepts and Practices. American Criminology Review, 45(4), 572–589.
• Ward, M., & Stewart, A. (2018). Corrections: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Routledge.
• Synder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2021). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2020 National Report. Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention.
• Barber, N. G. (2017). Principles of Criminal Justice. Pearson.
• Siegel, L. J., & Worrall, J. L. (2018). Criminology (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Hockenberry, S., & Puzzanchera, C. (2019). Juvenile Court Statistics 2017. Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention.
• Gottfredson, D., & Moriarty, L. J. (2018). Public Discourse and the Juvenile Justice System. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 29(3), 275–291.
• Alex, P. J. (2020). Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Law. Nova Science Publishers.