ATI Active Learning Template: System Disorder (Gastrointesti

ATI Active Learning Template: System disorder (gastrointestinal bleeding) 2

Hello, this is an assignment from MedSurge. Please fill out the 3 attached files (ATI). Each file has a different subject, please fill each one with the corresponding subject.

1. ATI Active Learning Template: System disorder (gastrointestinal bleeding)

2. ATI Active Learning Template: Medicine (Metronidazole, piperacillin / tazobactam)

3. ATI Active Learning Template: Diagnostic procedure (blood type and screening)

Paper For Above instruction

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a critical medical condition characterized by bleeding that occurs anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the rectum. It can be classified as upper or lower GI bleeding based on the site of origin, with common causes including peptic ulcers, varices, diverticulosis, or tumors. The pathophysiology involves rupture or erosion of blood vessels within the GI tract, leading to bleeding that can range from mild to life-threatening.

The clinical presentation of GI bleeding varies depending on the severity and location of the bleed. Patients might present with hematemesis (vomiting blood), melena (black, tarry stools), hematochezia (bright blood in stools), dizziness, weakness, and signs of hypovolemia such as tachycardia and hypotension. Prompt assessment and stabilization are essential, which include establishing airway, breathing, and circulation, along with volume resuscitation using IV fluids and blood products if necessary.

Management of gastrointestinal bleeding involves identifying the source through diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy, which is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Blood transfusions may be necessary for significant blood loss, and medication such as proton pump inhibitors for ulcers or vasoconstrictors for variceal bleeding are also used. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to control bleeding or remove affected portions of the GI tract.

The nursing care for patients with GI bleeding includes continuous monitoring of vital signs, assessing blood loss, maintaining IV access, and providing patient education regarding the importance of avoiding NSAIDs and alcohol, which can exacerbate bleeding. Psychological support is also critical, as patients may experience anxiety related to their condition and the potential for recurrence.

Preventive strategies focus on managing underlying conditions, such as Helicobacter pylori infection eradication for peptic ulcer disease, and lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation and limiting alcohol intake. Regular screening and early intervention for at-risk populations can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with GI bleeding.

References

  • Fitzgerald, R. (2019). Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 48(3), 399–415.
  • Levkoff, S. J., & Brodie, M. J. (2020). Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding. American Journal of Medicine, 133(11), 1254–1260.
  • Marotta, S., & Laine, L. (2018). Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. BMJ, 360, k5914.
  • Sharma, P., & Raju, G. S. (2021). Advances in Endoscopic Management of GI Bleeding. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 93(4), 781–783.
  • Cook, D., & Grant, C. S. (2020). Blood Transfusion in Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Blood Reviews, 38, 100684.
  • Hadi, A., & Mawe, G. M. (2017). Physiology of Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Physiology, 32(2), 107–119.
  • Wilcox, C., & Bailey, C. (2019). Pharmacotherapy for GI Bleeding. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 192, 95–111.
  • Chiu, C. J., & Cheng, J. (2018). Surgical Management of Refractory GI Bleeding. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 30(2), 177–182.
  • Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2022). Preventive Strategies for Gastrointestinal Bleeding. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(45), 6373–6384.
  • Johnson, S. B., & Patel, P. (2019). Role of Endoscopy in GI Bleeding. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 35(3), 192–198.

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