Behavioral Disorders Template Instructions Complete E 518342

Behavioral Disorders Templateinstructions Complete Each Of The Follow

Complete each of the following three tables found on pages 1–3 of this template. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms of Inattention and Impulsivity List the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) symptoms under the category, “inattention.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Symptoms of Hyperactivity List the DSM symptoms under the category, “hyperactivity and impulsivity.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Gender Differences Identify at least two gender differences in the prevalence or types of ADHD. 1. 2. Possible Causes Identify at least three possible causes of ADHD. 1. 2. 3. Evidence-Based Treatments Identify at least two treatments proven effective by research. 1. 2. Sources List your sources or references here (at least two academic sources are required). Be sure to include in-text citations within your responses in the table. 1. 2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Symptoms List the DSM symptoms of ODD. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Gender Differences Identify at least two gender differences in the prevalence or types of ODD. 1. 2. Possible Causes Identify at least two possible causes of ODD. 1. 2. Evidence-Based Treatments Identify at least two treatments proven effective by research. 1. 2. Sources List your sources or references here (at least two academic sources are required). Be sure to include in-text citations within your responses in the table. 1. 2. Conduct Disorder (CD) Symptoms of Violation of the Basic Rights of People, Animals, Social Norms, or Rules List the DSM symptoms (specific examples of each type of behavior) under the categories, “aggression to people and animals,” “destruction of property,” “deceitfulness or theft,” and “serious violations of rules.” Aggression to people and animals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Destruction of property 8. 9. Deceitfulness or theft 10. 11. 12. Serious violations of rules 13. 14. 15. Gender Differences Identify the gender difference in the prevalence of conduct disorder (whether boys or girls are more likely to receive the diagnosis). Which of the behaviors listed above are more common in boys? Which of the behaviors listed above are more common in girls? 1. 2. 3. Evidence-Based Treatments Identify at least two treatments proven effective by research. 1. 2. Sources List your sources and references here (at least two academic sources are required). Be sure to include in-text citations within your responses in the table. 1. 2. Anna’s Diagnosis of ADHD: Agree or Disagree? Instructions : Anna, the five-year-old described in M2: Assignment 1 , was diagnosed with ADHD. Decide whether or not you agree with the diagnosis. In at least 300 words, explain your reasons for agreeing or disagreeing with the diagnosis below. Support your decision with information from academic sources and cite those sources in APA format. Abnormal Child & Adolescent Psychology ©2013 Argosy University

Paper For Above instruction

The diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children has become increasingly common, yet it remains a subject of debate among clinicians, educators, and parents. The comprehensive understanding of ADHD encompasses its core symptoms, gender differences, potential causes, and effective treatment strategies. In evaluating whether Anna, a five-year-old, correctly received an ADHD diagnosis, it is essential to analyze these facets thoroughly, grounded in current research and clinical standards.

Symptoms of Inattention and Hyperactivity in ADHD

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the symptoms of inattention include difficulty sustaining attention, frequently losing things necessary for tasks, being easily distracted, and failing to follow through on instructions (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These symptoms often manifest as careless mistakes in schoolwork, difficulty organizing tasks, and forgetting daily activities. Conversely, hyperactivity and impulsivity are characterized by fidgeting, inability to remain seated, excessive talking, interrupting others, and acting without considering consequences (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). For a formal diagnosis, these symptoms must be persistent, impairing, and present in multiple settings.

Gender Differences in ADHD

Research indicates notable gender disparities in the prevalence and presentation of ADHD. Boys are diagnosed more frequently than girls, with estimates suggesting that boys are three times more likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis (Nigg et al., 2012). Furthermore, boys tend to exhibit more hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, whereas girls often display inattentiveness without overt hyperactivity, which can lead to underdiagnosis. For example, girls may be quieter, less disruptive, but still struggle with organization and attention, sometimes leading to late diagnoses.

Possible Causes of ADHD

The etiology of ADHD is multifaceted, involving genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with twin studies indicating heritability estimates of approximately 70-80% (Faraone & Larsson, 2019). Neurobiological factors involve irregularities in dopaminergic pathways and frontal-striatal circuitry, which affect executive functioning and impulse control. Environmental influences, such as prenatal exposure to tobacco or alcohol, prematurity, and early childhood adversities, may also contribute but are considered secondary risks (Thapar et al., 2013).

Evidence-Based Treatments for ADHD

Effective management of ADHD includes pharmacological and behavioral interventions. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are well-supported by research and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing core symptoms (Pelham et al., 2016). Behavioral therapies, including parent training, social skills training, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), are also beneficial, particularly in helping children develop coping strategies and improve functioning across settings (Sibley et al., 2014). Combining medication with behavioral interventions offers the most comprehensive approach to managing symptoms.

Decision on Anna's Diagnosis

In considering Anna's case, whether one agrees with her ADHD diagnosis depends on several factors. If Anna exhibits persistent inattention and hyperactivity that interfere with her daily functioning across multiple environments, and if her symptoms align with DSM criteria, the diagnosis is justified. Age-appropriate behaviors, however, must be distinguished from clinical symptoms; for example, young children often display impulsivity and distractibility as part of normal development. Therefore, a meticulous assessment by clinicians, including behavioral observations and standardized rating scales, is crucial. Given the DSM's criteria and current research supporting the validity of ADHD diagnoses in children of Anna's age, I tend to agree with the diagnosis if such criteria are met and differential diagnoses have been systematically ruled out (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Conclusion

Understanding ADHD through symptomatology, gender differences, causes, and evidence-based treatments reinforces the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored interventions. While ADHD remains a complex disorder with diverse presentations, adherence to DSM criteria and empirical support ensures that children like Anna receive appropriate support and resources to thrive both academically and socially.

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
• Faraone, S. V., & Larsson, H. (2019). Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 24(4), 562–575.
• Nigg, J. T., et al. (2012). Gender differences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37(7), 729–743.
• Pelham, W. E., et al. (2016). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(1), 1–15.
• Sibley, M. H., et al. (2014). Behavioral treatments for ADHD: Evidence and practice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(9), 973–999.
• Thapar, A., et al. (2013). Environmental risk factors for ADHD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(4), 497–505.