Bio201a Human Anatomy Written Oral Assignment Purpose
Bio201a Human Anatomywrittenoral Assignmentipurposethe Purpose Of Th
The purpose of this assignment is to give students an opportunity to research a disease related to one of the five body systems discussed in class (integumentary, muscular, skeletal, nervous, or senses). The goal is to become an expert on the disease while improving both oral and written communication skills. Students will create a pamphlet providing comprehensive information about their chosen disease and deliver a brief oral presentation to share their findings with classmates.
Students must select a disease correlating to one of the specified body systems by July 23rd and commit to that choice for the semester. The disease presentation will include details such as symptoms, physiology, diagnosis, prevalence, treatment, prevention, and references. Both the written pamphlet and oral presentation are graded, with the former accounting for 200 points and the latter 150 points. The presentation will take place during scheduled lab sessions, and all students must prepare a pamphlet for distribution during their presentation.
The written assignment involves creating a one-page pamphlet (front and back, folded as desired) that includes: the disease name, symptoms (signs), effects on the body, diagnostic methods, statistical prevalence (including demographic differences), treatment options (cure, mortality, lifespan), prevention strategies, and credible references—no more than one internet source. The content must be well-organized, free of spelling or grammatical errors, and properly formatted.
The oral presentation should be between 7 and 8 minutes, covering the same information as the pamphlet with clarity and engagement. Presenters are expected to display professionalism, use visual aids, and effectively communicate their knowledge. Students must have a pamphlet for each classmate during the presentation to ensure everyone receives the information.
All sources must be paraphrased; direct copying will result in a grade of zero. The assignment emphasizes academic honesty and original work, consistent with the university's policies.
Paper For Above instruction
The chosen disease for this research and presentation is osteoporosis, a condition affecting the skeletal system characterized by decreased bone density, which leads to fragile bones and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a significant health concern worldwide, especially among aging populations, posing a substantial burden on individuals and healthcare systems.
Symptoms: Osteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” because it typically progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As the disease advances, symptoms may include back pain, stooped posture, loss of height, and an increased tendency to fracture bones, particularly in the hips, spine, and wrists. Fractures caused by osteoporosis can significantly impair mobility and quality of life.
Physiology: Osteoporosis affects the body's ability to maintain bone strength. Under normal conditions, osteoblasts and osteoclasts work collaboratively to remodel bone tissue. In osteoporosis, this balance is disturbed, favoring bone resorption over formation. This results in decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, making bones more susceptible to fractures.
Diagnosis: The primary method of diagnosing osteoporosis is through densitometry scans, particularly Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). This test measures bone mineral density (BMD) and provides T-scores to categorize bone health. A T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis. Additional assessments include medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to rule out secondary causes.
Prevalence: Osteoporosis predominantly affects women, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that accelerate bone loss. According to the World Health Organization, over 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis. Women are at a higher risk, with approximately one in three women over 50 experiencing fractures related to the disease, compared to one in five men. The disease's prevalence varies among ethnic groups, with Asian and Caucasian populations at higher risk.
Treatment: Management of osteoporosis includes lifestyle modifications such as adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises, and fall prevention strategies. Pharmacological treatments include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and newer agents like denosumab and teriparatide. While osteoporosis is manageable, it is not curable; treatment aims to prevent fractures and maintain bone density. Severe cases may lead to life-threatening complications, especially in hip fractures, which have high mortality rates among the elderly.
Prevention: Preventative measures focus on early intervention through adequate nutrition, regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and ensuring sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D. Postmenopausal women and older adults should seek bone density screening and adopt fall prevention strategies to minimize fracture risk.
References:
- Cummings, S. R., & Melton, L. J. (2002). Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. The Lancet, 359(9319), 1761-1771.
- Kanis, J. A., et al. (2019). Osteoporosis: A disease characterized by increased fracture risk. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), 68.
- National Osteoporosis Foundation. (2023). What is osteoporosis? Retrieved from https://www.nof.org/patients/what-is-osteoporosis/
- World Health Organization. (2003). Prevention and management of osteoporosis. WHO Press.
- Rachner, T. D., et al. (2011). Osteoporosis. The Lancet, 377(9773), 1996-2006.
- Cosman, F., et al. (2014). Osteoporosis treatment guidelines. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics, 43(3), 679-690.
- Liu, E., et al. (2020). Pharmacologic management of osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 957.
- Compston, J. E., et al. (2019). Management of osteoporosis. BMJ, 364, l861.
- Rosen, C. J. (2019). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(12), 1154-1164.
- Hu, L., et al. (2021). Impact of lifestyle and nutritional factors on osteoporosis risk. Nutrients, 13(4), 1187.