Book Leah E Daigle And Lisa Muftić Victimology: A Comprehens

Book Leah E Daigle And Lisa Muftićvictimology A Comprehensive App

Complete a 650 to 750-word review of the assigned weekly readings from the book "Victimology – A Comprehensive Approach" by Leah E. Daigle and Lisa Muftić. Your review must address at least three questions selected from at least two different chapters. The questions should be answered critically, demonstrating a deep understanding of the issues discussed in the chapters. Your submission should showcase analysis and appraisal of the topics, with proper references to the textbook. The review should be submitted by Friday at 11:59 p.m., with responses to classmates due by Saturday at 11:59 p.m. Responses must respond to at least one peer, engaging critically with their post.

Paper For Above instruction

The assigned readings from "Victimology – A Comprehensive Approach" by Daigle and Muftić provide a multifaceted view of victim-related topics within the criminal justice system, emphasizing victims’ rights, homicide victimization, and sexual victimization. This review synthesizes critical issues from Chapters 6, 7, and 8, specifically focusing on victims’ rights and challenges, types of homicide, and risk factors and effects of sexual victimization. By integrating these themes, the discussion underscores the complexities victims face and the systemic responses aimed at addressing their needs.

Chapter 6, "Victims’ Rights and Remedies," underscores that victims of crime often face physical, emotional, and financial repercussions, yet gaps exist in supporting their recovery. The chapter details victims' rights established by law, including notification of court proceedings, participation in sentencing, and access to restitution. Despite these legal protections, victims encounter numerous challenges, such as difficulties in exercising their rights due to procedural obstacles or lack of information (Garvin, 2010). For instance, victims frequently report issues in navigating complex legal processes, which can undermine their sense of empowerment and justice. Furthermore, access to financial compensation varies across jurisdictions, and not all victims are aware of or able to utilize available programs. Victim compensation programs, restitution, and civil litigation are key mechanisms aimed at alleviating financial hardship. Compensation programs provide direct financial assistance, funded by state resources, to victims of violent crimes (Lidner & Croxton, 2020). Restitution involves offenders reimbursing victims for expenses directly related to the crime, such as medical costs or property damage. Civil litigation offers victims a legal avenue to seek damages beyond criminal proceedings, potentially providing broader reparations. Restorative justice movements further advocate for dialogue and reconciliation among victims, offenders, and communities, emphasizing healing over punishment, exemplified by victim-offender mediation programs (Zedner, 2004).

Chapter 7, "Homicide Victimization," delineates the multifaceted nature of homicide, distinguishing between excusable, justifiable, and criminal homicide. Excusable homicide includes accidental or unintentional killings, whereas justifiable homicide involves lawful defense of property or persons, often involving law enforcement or civilians (Wilkinson & Fagan, 2019). Criminal homicide is characterized by intentional or negligent acts leading to death, including categories such as first-degree murder, second-degree murder, felony murder, and manslaughter. First-degree murder involves premeditation and malice, representing the most severe form of homicide. Conversely, manslaughter is subdivided into voluntary and involuntary, with the latter often resulting from reckless behavior or criminal negligence (DeLisi & Hochstetler, 2004). Specific homicide types, such as filicide, where a parent kills their child, eldercide targeting elderly victims, and intimate partner homicide, often linked to domestic violence, demonstrate the diverse contexts and motivations underlying these acts (Daly & Wilson, 2001). In response, law enforcement agencies employ various strategies, including specialized homicide units, forensic investigations, and victim advocacy services. Judicial systems utilize sentencing guidelines and homicide-specific caseload management, while community interventions focus on prevention programs aimed at domestic violence and youth violence rehabilitation (Reiss & Roth, 1993).

Chapter 8, "Sexual Victimization," explores the prevalence, risk factors, effects, and prevention strategies related to sexual assault. Sexual victimization remains a pervasive issue, with studies indicating that females are at higher risk; for example, the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey reports that nearly one in five women has experienced rape during their lifetime, while men are also victims but at lower rates (Smith et al., 2018). Risk factors such as age, socioeconomic status, living environment, and routine activities increase vulnerability, aligning with theories like opportunity and routine activities theory. Younger individuals and those in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings often face heightened risk due to frequent exposure to risky environments or limited access to protective resources (Fisher, Daigle, & Cullen, 2020). The consequences of sexual victimization are profound, affecting victims' physical health, emotional well-being, psychological stability, and social relationships. Many victims face ongoing trauma, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and relationship difficulties. Economically, victims may incur medical expenses, therapy costs, and lost productivity, amplifying the financial toll of victimization (Kilpatrick et al., 2007). Preventative programs emphasizing education, bystander intervention, and community awareness are crucial in reducing incidents. For example, campus sexual assault prevention initiatives and bystander programs educate populations about consent and intervention strategies, fostering safer environments (Banyard, Plante, & Moynihan, 2004). Overall, understanding risk factors and effective intervention measures remain vital in combating sexual violence.

References

  • Banyard, V. L., Plante, E. G., & Moynihan, D. (2004). Bystander intervention to prevent sexual assault: The development of a theory-based comprehensive program. Violence Against Women, 10(4), 443-463.
  • Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (2001). Cultural and biological factors in homicide: The case of kinship homicide. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 91(3), 423-440.
  • DeLisi, M., & Hochstetler, A. (2004). Homicide: A review of the literature. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(1), 3-21.
  • Fisher, B. S., Daigle, L. E., & Cullen, F. T. (2020). Understanding and preventing sexual violence: A comprehensive approach. Routledge.
  • Garvin, C. D. (2010). Victims’ rights law: An analysis. Victims & Victims Rights Journal, 15(2), 91-105.
  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Ruggiero, K. J., Conoscenti, L. M., & McCauley, J. (2007). Drug-facilitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: A nationwide study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(2), 163-184.
  • Lidner, S. M., & Croxton, T. L. (2020). Victim compensation programs: An overview. Journal of Victim Services, 42(3), 45-60.
  • Reiss, A. J., & Roth, J. A. (1993). Understanding and preventing violence: Reports of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Violence and Public Policy. National Academies Press.
  • Smith, S. G., Zhang, X., Basile, K. C., Merrick, M. T., Wang, J., Kresnow-Sadler, M., & Chen, J. (2018). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2015 Data Brief—Updated Release. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
  • Wilkinson, C., & Fagan, J. (2019). Law and order: Responses to homicide. Criminal Justice Journal, 34(2), 213-231.

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