California State Polytechnic University Pomona Electr 826724

California State Polytechnic Univerity Pomona Electrical And Compute

California State Polytechnic Univerity Pomona Electrical And Compute California State Polytechnic Univerity, Pomona Electrical and Computer Engineering Department ECE 3200 Lab Experiment #12 Multi-Stage Amplifier Design Objective: The objectives of this experiment are to design, construct, and test a multi-stage amplifier. Pre-Lab: A) Design a multi-stage amplifier to the following specifications: AV = -250 (± 5%) – No Load RIN > 10 KΩ RO 150 KHz Must support an undistorted 2.5V(p-p) sinewave output into a 1Megaohm RLoad (10mVp-p nominal input) Must support an undistorted 2.0V(p-p) sinewave output into a 100-ohm RLoad (Input may be adjusted up or down as necessary to demonstrate this) B) Each student shall design, construct, and test his/her own circuit. This experiment is to test each individual’s design capability. C) Turn in a copy of the schematic portion of your prelab with the entire circuit design. Be prepared to show performance calculations to the instructor prior to the start of the lab. Keep a copy of the schematic for yourself. * Lab time will limited, you will want to breadboard the circuit prior to the lab session. Instructor’s recommendation is not to use a direct & shared-bias cascade scheme – recall the challenges in maintaining correct biasing from Week #3. List of Parts: As necessary to meet the performance specifications. Procedure: Test your amplifier circuit and read and record all the necessary data to verify that it performs to the design specifications. Demonstrate your results to the instructor. For the 100ohm loaded output, read and record the output voltage your circuit can support just at the onset of clipping. Data Analysis: Perform an error analysis comparing/contrasting the calculated values from your pre-lab to the measured values from the experiment.

Paper For Above instruction

The design and implementation of multi-stage amplifiers are fundamental tasks in electrical engineering, enabling the amplification of weak signals to levels suitable for further processing or output. This paper explores the process of designing, constructing, and testing a multi-stage amplifier according to specified performance criteria, emphasizing theoretical calculations, practical considerations, and analysis of results to ensure the achievement of desired specifications.

The primary objectives in this project include achieving a voltage gain of approximately -250 with minimal variance, maintaining a high input resistance (>10 kΩ), and keeping output resistance below 50 Ω. The frequency response must cover a range from as low as 50 Hz to as high as 150 KHz, ensuring reliable operation across various signal frequencies. Additionally, the amplifier must produce an undistorted sinewave output of 2.5V(p-p) into a high impedance load (1 MΩ) and 2.0V(p-p) into a low impedance load (100 Ω), with some flexibility in input levels to demonstrate performance under different conditions.

The design process begins with selecting appropriate transistors and resistors to meet the specified gain and frequency response. Each amplifier stage is carefully tailored to optimize bandwidth, linearity, and stability. Biasing schemes are selected to maintain consistent operation without introducing distortion or instability, particularly avoiding direct and shared-bias cascade configurations, which pose challenges in bias stability, as observed in previous coursework. Simulation tools such as SPICE are employed to predict performance, allowing iterative adjustments to component values before physical construction.

Construction involves assembling the circuit on a breadboard, testing individual stages for voltage gain, bandwidth, and linearity. Particular attention is paid to minimizing parasitic capacitances and ensuring proper grounding and shielding to preserve signal integrity. Once assembled, the amplifier is powered and tested with signal generators producing input signals at various amplitudes and frequencies. Key measurements include input and output voltages, gain, bandwidth, and distortion. These measurements are compared to theoretical calculations to validate the design.

During testing, the circuit’s maximum output voltage before clipping is determined for both high and low impedance loads. Observations reveal how close the actual performance aligns with the theoretical predictions and identify any discrepancies that may result from component tolerances, parasitic effects, or construction issues. The data collected is then analyzed through error analysis techniques, such as calculating percentage deviations from predicted values, to assess the accuracy and robustness of the design.

Errors can stem from non-ideal component behaviors, such as finite transistor gain, parasitic capacitance, and non-ideal power supplies. Addressing these discrepancies involves fine-tuning component values, improving layout techniques, or incorporating feedback mechanisms. The comprehensive analysis aims to demonstrate a clear understanding of the complexities involved in multi-stage amplifier design, offering insights into best practices and common pitfalls.

In conclusion, successful completion of this experiment hinges on meticulous planning, precise construction, and thorough testing. The reinforced understanding of amplifier principles, combined with hands-on experience, enhances the student’s capability to design circuits that meet specific performance criteria. This project underscores the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge with practical skills, preparing students for complex real-world applications in electronic system design.

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