Chapter 2: Motion Along A Straight Line

Chapter 2 Motion Along A Straight Linedue 06092017 Noonplease Show

Show all work clearly for the problems related to motion along a straight line. Indicate solutions and final answers with correct units and significant figures. Your solutions should demonstrate step-by-step calculations to ensure partial credit is awarded for correctly executed parts even if the final answer is incorrect.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

### Introduction

Understanding the principles of motion along a straight line involves analyzing variables such as position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and the effects of gravity in free fall scenarios. The following paper addresses multiple specific problems related to these concepts, illustrating their applications through detailed calculations and graphical interpretations.

### Position and Displacement Problems

1. Car's Displacement from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.

The car's position at 3:00 p.m. is 20 km south of the starting point. One hour later (at 4:00 p.m.), it is 96 km farther south, making its position 116 km south of the starting point. After two more hours (at 6:00 p.m.), it is 12 km south of the start. The displacement between 3:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. is calculated as:

Displacement = Final position - Initial position = (-12 km) - (-20 km) = 8 km north.

Thus, the displacement from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. is 8 km toward the north.

2. Displacement from start to 4:00 p.m.

Position at 3:00 p.m.: 20 km south (–20 km)

Position at 4:00 p.m.: 116 km south (–116 km)

Displacement: (–116 km) – (–20 km) = –96 km, indicating 96 km toward the south.

3. Displacement from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.

At 4:00 p.m.: –116 km; at 6:00 p.m.: –12 km

Displacement: (–12 km) – (–116 km) = +104 km, which reflects 104 km toward the north.

### Speed and Velocity Calculations

4. Joe's Average Speed for the Trip

From home to school: 1.5 km in 20 min (1200 sec)

Return trip: same distance in 30 min (1800 sec)

Total distance: 1.5 km + 1.5 km = 3 km

Total time: 1200 s + 1800 s = 3000 s

Average speed = Total distance / Total time = 3 km / 3000 s = 1 km / 1000 s = 0.001 km/s = 1 m/s.

5. Average Speed and Velocity of the Race Car

Northward trip: 750 m in 20 s

Return trip: 750 m in 25 s

Total distance = 1500 m; total time = 45 s

Average speed = 1500 m / 45 s ≈ 33.33 m/s

Average velocity = (displacement) / (total time).

Displacement: 750 m north – 750 m south = 0 m

Thus, average velocity = 0 m / 45 s = 0 m/s; the overall trip's net displacement is zero.

6. Jogger's Speed and Velocity

Track circumference: π x diameter = 3.1416 x 300 m ≈ 942.48 m

Time: 10 min = 600 s

Distance jogged: Multiple laps – total distance depends on laps completed; assuming one lap: 942.48 m

Average speed = total distance / total time; with multiple laps, total distance will be accordingly higher.

Average velocity = total displacement divided by total time. Since the jogger starts and ends at the same point on a circle, total displacement is zero, making average velocity zero. The average speed, however, reflects the total distance traveled divided by time.

7. Jason's Average Velocity

First leg: 35.0 mi/h for 30 min  distance = speed x time = (35 miles/h) x (0.5 h) = 17.5 miles

Second leg: 60.0 mi/h for 2 hours  distance = 60 x 2 = 120 miles

Third leg: 25.0 mi/h for 10 min (1/6 h)  distance ≈ 25 x 0.1667 ≈ 4.17 miles

Total distance = 17.5 + 120 + 4.17 ≈ 141.67 miles

Total time = 0.5 + 2 + 0.1667 ≈ 2.6667 hours

Displacement: Since all driving is westward, total displacement is in the west direction, sum of the distances in that direction, totaling approximately 141.67 miles west.

Average velocity = total displacement / total time ≈ 141.67 miles / 2.6667 hours ≈ 53.13 miles/h west.

### Free Fall and Acceleration Tasks

8. Object's Distance from t=0 to t=3 s

Using the equation for free fall: s = (1/2) gt², with g ≈ 9.8 m/s²:

s = 0.5 x 9.8 x 3² = 0.5 x 9.8 x 9 = 44.1 m

9. Golf Ball Falling from Rest

Time for 12.0 m fall: t = √(2s / g) = √(2 x 12 / 9.8) ≈ √(24 / 9.8) ≈ √2.45 ≈ 1.565 s

Fall distance in twice that time: s = 0.5 x g x (2 x 1.565)² = 0.5 x 9.8 x (3.13)² ≈ 0.5 x 9.8 x 9.8 ≈ 48.02 m

10. Grant's Jump Speed

Initial velocity v₀: v₀ = √(2gh) = √(2 x 9.8 x 1.3) ≈ √(25.48) ≈ 5.05 m/s

11. Camera's Fall on Moon

Distance fallen after 2.0 s: s = 0.5 x 1.62 x (2)² ≈ 3.24 m

Distance after 4.0 s: s = 0.5 x 1.62 x (4)² ≈ 12.96 m

12. Ball from Leaning Tower of Pisa

(a) First 3 s: s = 0.5 x 9.8 x 3² = 44.1 m

(b) Speed after falling 2.5 m: v = √(2 x g x 2.5) ≈ √(2 x 9.8 x 2.5) ≈ √49 ≈ 7 m/s

(c) Speed after 3 s: v = g x t = 9.8 x 3 ≈ 29.4 m/s downward

(d) Thrown upward with initial speed 4.80 m/s, after 2.42 s: position y = v₀ t – (1/2) g t² = 4.80 x 2.42 – 0.5 x 9.8 x (2.42)² ≈ 11.62 – 28.65 ≈ -17.03 m (below the starting point)

### Conclusion

This comprehensive analysis underscores core principles of linear motion, free fall physics, and their mathematical representations, highlighting the application of kinematic equations, vector concepts, and graphical analysis for dynamic systems.

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