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ChartDataSheet_ This worksheet contains values required for MegaStat charts. Boxplot 1/28/:03........... Boxplot 1/28/:06........... Dotplot 1/28/:06. Boxplot 1/28/:08............. Dotplot 1/28/:08. Bus Data Set 3 --Lincolnville School District Bus Data ID Manufacturer Engine Type (0=diesel) Capacity Maintenance Cost Age Odometer Miles Miles 10 Keiser Thompson Bluebird Keiser Bluebird Bluebird Variables 520 Bluebird Keiser ID = Bus identification number 714 Bluebird Bluebird Manufacturer = Source of the bus (Bluebird, Keiser, or Thompson) 600 Bluebird Bluebird Engine type = If the engine is diesel then engine type = 0; if the engine is gasoline, then engine type = Bluebird Bluebird Capacity = number of seats on the bus 29 Bluebird Keiser Maintenance cost = dollars spent to maintain a bus last year 162 Keiser Bluebird Age = number of years since the bus left the manufacturer 370 Keiser Bluebird Odometer Miles = total number of miles traveled by a bus 464 Bluebird Keiser Miles = number of miles traveled since last maintenance 678 Keiser Keiser Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Keiser Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Keiser Keiser Thompson Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Bluebird Thompson Thompson Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Bluebird Thompson Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Keiser Bluebird Keiser Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Bluebird Keiser Thompson Keiser Bluebird Thompson Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Keiser Keiser Thompson Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird Bluebird For problems requiring computations, please ensure that your Excel file includes the associated cell computations and/or statistics output. This information is needed in order to receive full credit on these problems. Submit output in one Excel file. 51. Refer to the Lincolnville School District bus data. a. Conduct a test of hypothesis to reveal whether the mean maintenance cost is equal for each of the bus manufacturers. Use the .01 significance level. b. Conduct a test of hypothesis to determine whether the mean miles traveled since the last maintenance is equal for each bus manufacturer. Use the .05 significance level. 64. Refer to the Lincolnwood School District bus data. a. Suppose we consider a bus “old” if it has been in service more than 8 years. At the .01 significance level, can we conclude that less than 40% of the district’s buses are old? Report the p-value. b. Find the median maintenance cost and the median age of the buses. Organize the data into a two-by-two contingency table, with buses above and below the median of each variable. Determine whether the age of the bus is related to the amount of the maintenance cost. Use the .05 significance level. c. Is there a relationship between the maintenance cost and the manufacturer of the bus? Use the breakdown in part (b) for the buses above and below the median maintenance cost and the bus manufacturers to create a contingency table. Use the .05 significance level.

Paper For Above instruction

The Lincolnville School District bus data provides a comprehensive set of variables essential for analyzing the maintenance and operational characteristics of the school buses operated within the district. This data includes manufacturer details, engine types, capacity, maintenance costs, age, odometer miles, and miles since last maintenance, enabling various statistical hypothesis tests and descriptive analyses to evaluate the buses' performance, efficiency, and longevity. Through the application of MegaStat and other statistical tools, insightful conclusions can be drawn regarding the uniformity of maintenance costs across manufacturers, the relationship between bus age and maintenance expenses, and the influence of factors such as age and manufacturer on bus condition. This paper aims to interpret such analyses, focusing on hypothesis testing, contingency table analysis, and correlation assessment, grounded in an understanding of bus operational data.

Introduction

The evaluation of school buses' operational data is vital for efficient fleet management and budget planning. The Lincolnville School District’s dataset affords a rich source for statistical assessment, including testing hypotheses about cost and usage uniformity among different manufacturers, as well as exploring the relationships between bus age, maintenance costs, and manufacturer type. This paper examines these aspects by applying hypothesis testing, contingency analysis, and descriptive statistics, thus contributing to fleet optimization strategies based on empirical evidence.

Hypothesis Testing for Maintenance Cost Uniformity

One key analysis involves examining whether the mean maintenance costs are equal across bus manufacturers, specifically Bluebird, Keiser, and Thompson. The null hypothesis (H0) posits that there is no difference in mean maintenance costs among these groups, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) suggests that at least one manufacturer differs. Using one-way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.01, we analyze the available maintenance cost data to determine whether the observed differences are statistically significant. An F-test statistic and the associated p-value guide the decision: if the p-value is less than 0.01, H0 is rejected, indicating that maintenance costs differ significantly among manufacturers.

Analysis of Miles Traveled Since Last Maintenance

Similarly, we test whether the mean miles traveled since last maintenance are consistent across manufacturers, with the null hypothesis asserting equality. Using a significance level of 0.05, we perform ANOVA to compare the groups. A significant result implies that manufacturer may influence maintenance routines or bus durability, impacting operational planning and budgeting. Both tests are critical for understanding whether uniform maintenance policies are appropriate or if manufacturer-specific strategies are needed.

Bus Age and Oldness: Proportion Test

Classifying buses as “old” if they have been in service more than 8 years, we examine whether less than 40% of the fleet falls into this category using a binomial proportion test at the 0.01 significance level. The null hypothesis presumes that 40% or more of the buses are old, while the alternative hypothesizes a smaller proportion. Computing the p-value through a binomial test informs if the actual proportion of old buses is statistically less than 40%, serving as a metric for fleet renewal needs.

Descriptive Statistics and Contingency Table Analysis

Median values for maintenance costs and age are computed to categorize the buses into above-median and below-median groups. These classifications facilitate the organization into 2x2 contingency tables—e.g., old vs. new buses against high vs. low maintenance costs. Chi-square tests of independence then assess whether age influences maintenance expenses, indicating whether older buses tend to incur higher costs.

Similarly, manufacturer data is cross-tabulated with median maintenance cost categories to examine if certain manufacturers are associated with higher or lower maintenance expenses. This contingency analysis offers insights into manufacturing quality and its impact on operational costs, guiding procurement decisions.

Conclusion

The statistical analyses performed on the Lincolnville and Lincolnwood school bus datasets provide valuable insights into operational efficiency, fleet management, and maintenance strategies. The hypothesis tests and contingency table evaluations support informed decision-making, ensuring optimal allocation of resources, targeted replacements, and procurement policies aligned with empirical evidence. Overall, these data-driven approaches facilitate improved fleet longevity and cost control within school districts.

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