Choose A Disease Or Health-Related Condition To Study

Choose A Disease Or Health Related Condition To Study The Topic Can B

Choose a disease or health-related condition to study. The topic can be an acute condition (e.g., E. coli poisoning, asthma exacerbation) or a chronic one (e.g., cancer, heart disease, obesity). Review the literature of descriptive and other information sources for that condition. Write a 6-8 page paper that presents the information in a logical sequence, described below. • Introduction -Briefly introduce/describe the topic and present its importance to human health -Explain why the condition should be studied (for example – an increasing trend, it affects a large percentage of the population, etc.) -You might include some prevalence information here to indicate the public health impact or burden • Descriptive Epidemiology - Describe and/or define the disease or condition using descriptive epidemiology references - Describe the condition in terms of person, place, and time: who tends to get this condition, where do they usually live, and at what age • Rates - Present the most current national and local prevalence and incidence rates available • Causes and Risk Factors - Discuss the known and/or unknown causes of this disease (plausible mechanisms) - Provide the currently established risk factors associated with the disease • Conclusion - Summarize this condition and indicate any public health efforts that may limit its impact, based on what you have read and thought about while writing the sections above • Bibliography - All citations should be referenced within the paper and in a bibliography at the end - Use the American Psychological Association (APA) format The paper should be double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and have 1†margins and numbered pages .

Using graphs or charts to explain relationships, describing the condition, or summarizing the literature is strongly encouraged (examples will be provided throughout the course). The bibliography is not included in the page count. Due 5 Aug

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant public health challenge globally. Characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, T2DM affects millions, contributing to a spectrum of complications including cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and neuropathy. The importance of studying this condition lies in its increasing incidence rates, especially among younger populations, and its substantial impact on individuals’ health, healthcare systems, and economies (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). Recognizing the trends and risk factors associated with T2DM is essential for developing effective prevention and management strategies, thereby reducing disease burden and improving quality of life.

Descriptive Epidemiology

Type 2 diabetes predominantly affects middle-aged and older adults, although recent trends indicate rising rates among adolescents and young adults. The condition is more prevalent among specific populations, including ethnic minorities such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans in the United States, attributable to genetic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors (CDC, 2021). Geographically, urban and suburban regions with sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie diets report higher prevalence, correlating with lifestyle and environmental factors. Temporally, epidemiological data reveal a steady increase in T2DM incidence over the past several decades, reflecting lifestyle changes and aging populations worldwide.

Rates

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 34.2 million Americans, or 10.5% of the population, have diabetes, with an estimated 90-95% of these cases being type 2 (CDC, 2021). The age-adjusted prevalence rate for T2DM in the United States is approximately 8.5% among adults. Local prevalence varies; for instance, in urban areas of New York City, rates are higher, reaching nearly 12% among certain ethnic groups (NYC Department of Health, 2022). Incidence rates continue to climb globally, with an estimated yearly new case rate of 1 million worldwide, highlighting the ongoing and expanding nature of the epidemic.

Causes and Risk Factors

The etiology of T2DM involves complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of the disease, results from obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet, leading to impaired glucose uptake by tissues. While the precise molecular mechanisms are still under investigation, inflammation and adipokine dysregulation are recognized contributors (Hotamisligil, 2017). Established risk factors include obesity (particularly central adiposity), sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, advancing age, and ethnicity. Additionally, a family history of diabetes and certain socioeconomic determinants, including limited access to healthcare and education, heighten risk. Emerging research suggests gut microbiota alterations and environmental pollutants might also play roles in T2DM development (Luo et al., 2020).

Conclusion

The escalating prevalence of type 2 diabetes underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies. Prevention efforts focusing on lifestyle modification—such as promoting healthy eating, physical activity, and weight management—are critical. Early screening and intervention in high-risk populations can mitigate complications and reduce healthcare costs. Policy measures, including increasing access to nutritious foods and creating environments conducive to physical activity, are also pivotal. As research continues to elucidate genetic and environmental interactions, personalized medicine approaches may enhance prevention and treatment. Overall, concerted public health initiatives, community engagement, and ongoing research are essential to curb the mounting burden of T2DM.

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). National Diabetes Statistics Report. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html
  • Hotamisligil, G. S. (2017). Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature, 444(7121), 860-867. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05485
  • International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas (9th ed.). https://diabetesatlas.org
  • Luo, J., Huang, D., & Zhai, Y. (2020). Gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 52(4), 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0457-0
  • New York City Department of Health. (2022). NYC Community Health Profiles. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/data/data-publications.page

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