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Click or tap to launch the presentation in a new window. Interactive Upper Respiratory Study Start Lesson 00 Overview 01 Patient 02 Patient Information 03 Summary Top of Form Discussion questions 1. How can the problem statement be best written to reflect one of the approaches to qualitative research? 2. How can the purpose statement be best written to convey the orientation of an approach to research? 3. How can a central question be written so that it encodes and foreshadows an approach to qualitative research? 4. How can subquestions be presented so that they subdivide the central question into several parts? Bottom of Form Response 1 How can the problem statement be best written to reflect one of the approaches to qualitative research? Creswell & Poth (2018) describe the problems statement in layman’s term as ‘creating a rationale for the need for the study’. The problem statement is derived from vary components as Creswell & Poth (2018) explain. The problem statement can be best written by providing the argument to why this study matters, how it can benefit the field of study, which stakeholders it can benefit, and how it can help further research in the future. Although research professionals may not clearly state this or lead to the purpose statement, I feel that the research problem is the central focus of the research. From my experience so far with qualitative research, everything in the research paper points back toward the research problem. How can the purpose statement be best written to convey the orientation of an approach to research? Trying to convey the orientation of an approach to research is an area that I find more difficult. First, I think it is important to understand that Strauss and Corbin (1990) mention 5 approaches to research with phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, life histories, and conversational analysis which the Creswell & Poth (2018) textbook applies. The purpose statement can be written to directly state the approach of the study so that it is very clear and using words to encode the statement to indicate the action and focus of the research (Creswell & Poth, 2018). The purpose statement should also be encoded with words to foreshadow the approach to research by words such as ‘understand’ to notate a narrative study or ‘describe’ which is useful to describe phenomenology and case studies (Creswell & Poth, 2018). Using words that Creswell & Poth (2018) have in Table 6.1 of the text are generally acceptable to understanding the approach that will be taken along with a direct statement of the approach in the purpose statement. The writer of the textbook also suggests including a definition for the central question and phenomenon (Creswell & Poth, 2018). How can a central question be written so that it encodes and foreshadows an approach to qualitative research? I interpret the central question as being the research question, or the main question that states the purpose of the study with respect to the problem that is attempting to benefit from the field of study. The central question can be written with using the words ‘how’, ‘why’ and ‘what’ (Creswell & Poth, 2018). There should be one single question that describes the main point of the study with the option of several subquestions. The central question can be encoded just as you would encode the purpose statement. Using the words ‘describe’, ‘experience’, ‘meaning’, ‘develop’ and many more just as you would use in the purpose statement is a good way to foreshadow the approach as well. How can subquestions be presented so that they subdivide the central question into several parts? The central question may be a general question that can be subdivided into parts. While the textbook gives an example of a college professor, I relate more to studies that might interest me. Considering my topic of interest on the wage gap in America, I could form a central question of “What is the experience of pay for a woman who works in Texas?â€. Subquestions could help direct the central question, but even more importantly help generate questions for the data collection process of the research. Subquestions on this particular topic could be developed to answer on the pay for women who work in Texas in executive positions, predominantly male or female organizations, sales or clerical positions, and many other variations of subsets of pay for women. These subquestions, in this particular type of study, might help understand if there are larger or smaller pay gaps in certain subsets and how women generally feel or what they have experienced about those pay gaps. References Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design. Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications, Inc. Response 2 How can the problem statement be best written to reflect one of the approaches to qualitative research? In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, Creswell and Poth acknowledge that avoiding vague, unclear and undefined research purposes is important in the development of a research study. In the initiation of a research study, the researcher must first identify a clear problem that is in need of investigation or resolution. Creswell and Poth suggest that an argumentative approach could be utilized when presenting the problem (2017 p.129). The problem is intended to highlight the need or the importance of the study in progress and should be strong. With proper architecture of the problem the next step in building the study is outlining the purpose of the story. How can the purpose statement be best written to convey the orientation of an approach to research? The purpose statement is responsible for supplying the intent for the study. It serves as a guide to readers and allows others to understand what to expect from the introduction of this new information. Literature suggest the avoidance of implicit language that can dilute the purpose of the statement. The purpose should be clear and provide readers with concise verbiage that promotes understanding. It is during the purpose of this study that the researcher should identify the methodology that is implemented in the research a) phenomenology, b) ethnology, or c) grounded theory are some examples. This serves as a implication of what is to come to the readers. The purpose statement is also an opportunity for the researcher to a) define the approach to a study, b) focus of study and c) outcomes. Creswell and Poth further mention that a central phenomenon is identified during the purpose statement step of the research process. The writer initially focuses on a singular concept in the beginning of a study and introduces secondary information which assist in identifying a central phenomenon (Creswell & Poth , 2017). How can a central question be written so that it encodes and foreshadows an approach to qualitative research? How can subquestions be presented so that they subdivide the initial research? The author reveals that a research question, is an evolving structure that is founded by the implementation of open ended questions. This allows for the opportunity for readers to foreshadow regarding the topic. This then becomes a starting point in which is ]filtered down into a more direct question (Creswell & Poth , 2017 p.137). The central question can be encoded by introducing the 5 approaches to inquiry and followed by sub questions. The subquestions' intent is to further refine the research by subdividing the initial research (Creswell & Poth , 2017). The division of subquestions can be structured by beginning sentences with what or how. This challenges readers to realize the scope of attribution that a set study may have in a field. My interest is piqued being that I am truly retaining the beneficial information in the literature that we have been provided in this Qualitative class. I have seen a drastic improvement and even a desire to read case studies so that I can utilize the knowledge from these studies. I am excited to engage with you all and observe your takeaways. My question to you all includes, is there any key topic that you feel could have been addressed in this posting? References Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. - Upper Respiratory Infections Jackie is a 45-year-old white female with past medical history of controlled hypertension, controlled asthma, and eczema. She has a four-day history of nasal congestion, headache, sore throat, sneezing, and productive cough. She denies fever, nausea, vomiting, and myalgias. She has three children who recently went back to school following a summer vacation. No one else in her household is currently presenting with similar symptoms. She has no known drug allergies but is allergic to mums and ragweed. She calls her primary care provider’s office requesting a medication to treat her illness. She takes several medications, including the following: • Mometasone 220 mcg—1 puff daily for asthma. • Albuterol 90 mcg—1 to 2 puffs q4–6 hours as needed for shortness of breath. • Lisinopril 10 mg—one tablet by mouth daily for hypertension. • Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.05% nasal spray—2 sprays per nostril bid à— 3 days. Provide rationales for your answers: 1. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate drug to recommend? a. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.05% nasal spray— 2 sprays per nostril bid until symptoms resolve. b. Naproxen 220 mg—one tablet by mouth every 12 hours as needed until symptoms resolve. c. Dextromethorphan ER oral liquid—60 mg every 12 hours until symptoms resolve. d. Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid 500 mg every 8 hours for seven days. 2. Which of the following nonpharmacological therapies is NOT recommended? a. Steam inhalation b. Increased water intake c. Menthol lozenges d. Saline gargle 3. Jackie is insistent on taking a complementary therapy to help treat her symptoms. What is the MOST appropriate recommendation? a. Echinacea purpurea tincture—0.75 mL b. Fresh garlic—3 cloves c. Acidophilus probiotic—1 tablet daily d. Vitamin C—1 g

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Qualitative research plays an essential role in understanding complex human phenomena, offering depth and context that quantitative methods often cannot provide. The development of well-structured research questions, problem statements, and purpose statements is crucial in guiding qualitative studies effectively. This paper explores how to craft these core components in alignment with qualitative research methodologies, drawing on established frameworks by Creswell & Poth (2018) and Strauss & Corbin (1990). By focusing on the formulation of problem statements, purpose statements, central questions, and subquestions, the paper aims to elucidate best practices for designing qualitative research that encodes and foreshadows its methodological approach.

Problem Statement in Qualitative Research

A well-articulated problem statement provides a rationale for the study, highlighting its significance and proposing a compelling reason for investigation (Creswell & Poth, 2018). According to Creswell and Poth, an effective problem statement should delineate the gap in knowledge, identify the stakeholders involved, and articulate how the research will contribute to the field. For instance, a study investigating the experiences of women in male-dominated workplaces might begin by highlighting the barriers faced and the need for deeper understanding through qualitative inquiry. Developing a precise problem statement involves synthesizing existing literature, identifying gaps, and articulating why addressing this problem matters (Creswell & Poth, 2018).

Purpose Statement: Conveying Research Orientation

The purpose statement serves as a roadmap for the study, clearly indicating the research approach and focus. It should specify the methodology—such as phenomenology, ethnography, or grounded theory—and include relevant action verbs like “understand,” “explore,” or “describe” to encode the research orientation (Creswell & Poth, 2018). For example, a purpose statement might read: “This study aims to explore the lived experiences of women working in the technology sector to understand the societal barriers they face.” Such statements foreshadow the approach by explicitly mentioning the action and focus, guiding both the researcher and the reader in anticipating the methodology.

Formulating Central Questions and Subquestions

The central research question encapsulates the core inquiry of the study and is typically broad and open-ended. It often begins with “how,” “why,” or “what,” and reflects the purpose statement's focus (Creswell & Poth, 2018). For instance, “What are the experiences of women in male-dominated workplaces?” Subquestions serve to decompose the central question into parts that address specific aspects of the phenomenon. They are usually framed with interrogative words such as “how” or “what,” allowing the researcher to explore different facets, such as organizational culture, personal challenges, or societal perceptions. For example, subquestions might include: “How do women perceive organizational support?” or “What personal challenges do women encounter in these settings?” This structured approach facilitates comprehensive data collection and analysis.

Application to a Topic: Addressing the Wage Gap

Considering a research topic such as the wage gap experienced by women in Texas, the central question could be, “What are women’s experiences with pay disparities in Texas?” Subquestions could include: “How do women in executive roles perceive their pay equity?” “What role does organizational gender composition play in pay differences?” and “How do women feel about their career progression in relation to compensation?” These questions help to focus the inquiry on specific subsets and dimensions of the phenomenon, enabling detailed and nuanced insights.

Conclusion

The development of precise problem statements, purpose statements, central questions, and subquestions is fundamental to the rigor and clarity of qualitative research. By aligning these elements with the methodological approach and research goals, researchers can effectively encode and foreshadow their inquiry, guiding data collection and analysis. As illustrated through examples and references, adherence to best practices enhances the coherence, relevance, and impact of qualitative studies, ultimately contributing to richer understanding and knowledge in the field.

References

• Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design. Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications, Inc.
• Toward an understanding of qualitative research. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 24(3), 247-272.
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Sage Publications.
• Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
• Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage Publications.
• Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory. Sage Publications.
• Kleinman, A. (1988). The biomedicalization of society. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2(3), 555-565.
• Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research. Cengage Learning.