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Considerations for organizing an argumentative essay include having a clear introduction, a structured body, and a compelling conclusion. The essay should communicate your stance clearly and present supporting claims in a logical order that is tailored to your audience's opinions. When the audience already agrees with you, arrange the evidence from general to particular or from most to least important. When the audience is likely opposed, reverse this order, guiding them step-by-step to your conclusion. Use horizontal lines to divide your essay into the beginning (introduction), middle (body), and end (conclusion), and label each section accordingly.

Beginning: Start with background information about the issue, introduce the subject, and state your opinion in a debatable thesis statement. For example, Bob Herbert's thesis is: “The New York City Police Department needs to be restrained.” This sets up a clear position on racial profiling practices.

Middle: The body paragraphs should include evidence supporting your stance, such as facts, statistics, expert statements, personal narratives, and examples. In Herbert's essay, evidence includes specific statistics about stops and searches, statements from authorities, and personal stories illustrating the impact of racial profiling. Anticipate opposing views and respond to them with logical and emotional rebuttals to strengthen your argument. Also, identify points of common ground between opposing sides to enhance credibility. Maintain a reasonable and respectful tone throughout, even when quoting or criticizing opponents.

End: Conclude with a restatement of your position and a call to action or a proposal for resolving the issue. This reinforces your argument and motivates readers to consider change.

Effectively organizing your evidence depends on your readers’ prior opinions. From general to specific order works well when your audience agrees, while from specific to general can better persuade those who oppose your view. Use logical structuring and clear transitions to guide your readers through your reasoning. Highlight key features of your argument by dividing the essay into its beginning, middle, and end.

Paper For Above Instructions

Understanding the essential structure of an argumentative essay is vital for effective communication and persuasion. An argumentative essay must have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, each serving specific purposes that collectively persuade the reader to accept your point of view. The importance of organization lies in guiding the audience seamlessly from understanding the context to accepting your claims. This structured approach ensures clarity, enhances credibility, and persuades more effectively.

Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for the argument by providing background information on the issue, introducing the main topic, and clearly stating the writer's stance. A well-crafted thesis statement is critical as it provides a focus for the entire essay and frames the reader’s expectations. For example, Bob Herbert's thesis—“The New York City Police Department needs to be restrained”—states his position clearly and sets the tone for the subsequent discussion about racial profiling.

Body Paragraphs

The body of the essay is where supporting evidence is presented and elaborate reasoning is developed. Effective arguments utilize diverse evidence types: facts, statistics, expert opinions, personal stories, and examples. For instance, Herbert uses statistics such as the number of stops and the percentage of those stops involving minorities. Anecdotal evidence, like personal stories, helps humanize the statistics and illustrate real-world impacts. Responding to opposing viewpoints—such as police claims of these stops being “life-saving”—demonstrates fairness and enhances the credibility of the argument. Addressing common ground, such as the genuine concern for safety, shows that the writer recognizes opposing views but advocates for a balanced approach.

Maintaining a Reasonable Tone

Throughout the essay, it is crucial to adopt a calm and rational voice. Even when criticizing opponents or citing controversial statistics, a respectful tone helps in convincing skeptical or opposing readers. Using a tone that is measured and logical fosters trust and open-mindedness, making the argument more compelling than aggressive or sarcastic language would.

Using Evidence Effectively

In academic and persuasive writing, integrating words and ideas from credible sources is essential. Properly citing quotations, paraphrases, and summaries with in-text citations (e.g., MLA format) avoids plagiarism and lends authority to your claims. Herbert’s use of quotations from city officials and legal organizations strengthens his position. Paraphrasing and summarizing complex information make the argument accessible.

Anticipating and Responding to Opposing Views

A robust argumentative essay acknowledges contrary opinions and provides thoughtful responses. In Herbert's case, the police department's assertion that stops are necessary for safety is addressed with statistical evidence indicating widespread unwarranted stops. This acknowledgment not only demonstrates fairness but also enhances the writer’s credibility by showing a comprehensive understanding of the issue.

Your Audience and Evidence Organization

Effective organization depends heavily on understanding the audience. For readers already sympathetic, emphasis on important evidence and logical progression from general principles to specific examples can solidify support. For skeptics, starting with specific facts and gradually building to broader ideas may be more persuasive. Structuring evidence accordingly ensures the argument resonates with diverse audiences.

Conclusion

The conclusion restates the main argument and emphasizes the importance of action. Herbert’s call to restrain police practices and to address racial profiling aims to motivate societal change. A compelling conclusion leaves a lasting impression, reinforcing the thesis and inviting the audience to reflect and act.

Summary

In summary, structuring an argumentative essay involves thoughtful organization of the introduction, supporting evidence, consideration of opposing views, and a strong conclusion. Effective essays are clear, respectful, and strategically organized to persuade diverse audiences. Using credible evidence, maintaining a calm tone, anticipating objections, and understanding the audience's perspectives are key to successful argumentation.

References

• Germain, C. (2015). Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric and Reader. Cengage Learning.
• Hacker, D., & Sommers, N. (2016). A Writer's Reference. Bedford/St. Martin’s.
• Johnson, R. (2017). The Art of Persuasive Writing. Routledge.
• Lunsford, A. A., & Ruszkiewicz, J. J. (2010). Everything’s an Argument. Bedford/St. Martin’s.
• Reed, D. (2018). Academic Writing for Graduate Students. Springer.
• Graff, G., & Birkenstein, C. (2018). They Say / I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing. W. W. Norton & Company.
• Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The Craft of Research. University of Chicago Press.
• Glassner, B. (2015). The Argument Culture. Vintage.
• Baumgartner, J. C. (2016). Effective Persuasion Techniques. Academic Press.
• Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing. Longman.