Cos10007 Developing Technical Software Tp 2 2016 Swinburne U

Cos10007 Developing Technical Software Tp 2 2016 Swinburne University

Write a complete C++ program to create a table where the user inputs the width (an odd number), and then the program creates a symmetric shape (such as a diamond). After creating the shape, the program should allow the user to input a particular row number, and then the program calculates and displays the sum of the elements (e.g., the values printed in that row) of the shape for that row.

Write functions to manage linked lists using a node structure with integer data and a next pointer. Implement a sortedInsert function that inserts a new node into a sorted linked list with increasing order, maintaining the sorted order. Also, write a removeRedundant function that deletes duplicate nodes from a sorted list, traversing the list only once.

Create a linked list, print its contents, and then delete a node specified by a key value. The delete function should first check if the node to delete is the first node; if yes, delete it. Otherwise, call a find_node function to locate the node with the specified key and delete it. Display the linked list after deletion.

Write a C program that reads 20 numbers between 0 and 100 (inclusive) into an array. Implement a bubbleSort function to sort the array in ascending order, discussing the best-case and worst-case Big O complexities. Additionally, implement a more efficient sorting algorithm learned in class, discuss its Big O in best and worst cases, and compare its performance.

Paper For Above instruction

Developing efficient and reliable algorithms and data structures is fundamental in software development. In this paper, we explore four core programming tasks: creating a symmetric shape with user input, managing linked lists with sorted insertion and duplicate removal, and handling array sorting with algorithm analysis. Each task demonstrates key programming concepts including control structures, recursion, dynamic memory management, and algorithm complexity considerations, essential for any aspiring software engineer.

Creating a Symmetric Shape with User Input and Calculating Row Sum

The first task involves constructing a symmetric shape, such as a diamond pattern, based on an odd width input from the user. Implementing this in C++ requires a nested loop structure where the outer loop iterates over each row, and inner loops control the number of characters printed per row, creating the symmetry. The shape's logic relies on calculating spaces and asterisks or other characters to form the shape, which visually represents a symmetric figure. After shape creation, the program prompts the user for a row number and calculates the sum of the elements (or characters) in that specific row. Implementing this involves storing the shape's data in an appropriate data structure or printing directly while tracking the values for each row, then summing these upon request. The overall approach combines control structures, user input handling, and mathematical calculation to produce an interactive and dynamic shape rendering.

Linked List Management with Sorted Insert and Duplicate Removal

The second part deals with linked list operations. Using a node structure defined as struct node { int data; struct node* next; };, the program must implement sortedInsert and removeRedundant functions. The sortedInsert function inserts a new node into a pre-sorted list while maintaining the sorted order. This is typically achieved by traversing the list to find the correct insertion position, handling special cases like insertion at the head, and updating pointers accordingly. The removeRedundant function aims to eliminate duplicate nodes efficiently by only traversing the list once. It compares each node with its successor and removes duplicates as it proceeds, ensuring the list contains only unique elements.

The implementation involves cautious pointer manipulation and careful handling of edge cases, such as empty lists or duplicates at the beginning or end of the list. These linked list operations are central in many data management applications, highlighting the importance of proper memory management and algorithm efficiency in real-world software solutions.

Linked List Creation, Printing, and Node Deletion

The third task requires creating a linked list, printing its contents, and then deleting a node with a specified key. The delete function first checks if the first node contains the key; if yes, it deletes this node. If not, the program calls a find_node function to locate the node with the matching key, and upon locating, deletes that node. Proper care is taken to update the pointers to maintain list integrity. After the deletion, the list is printed again to show the updated structure. This process demonstrates dynamic memory management, pointer updates, and search capabilities in linked list data structures, which are fundamental in managing dynamic datasets efficiently.

Array Sorting and Algorithm Analysis

The fourth task involves reading 20 numbers into a one-dimensional array with input validation (0 to 100). The array is sorted using a bubble sort algorithm, which repeatedly swaps adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order. The complexity of bubble sort is well-understood: its best-case time complexity is O(n) when the array is already sorted, due to the optimization where no swaps are needed; its worst-case time complexity is O(n²) when the array is sorted in reverse order, requiring maximum swaps. Bubble sort's average performance is also quadratic, which becomes inefficient with larger datasets.

To improve efficiency, the program also implements a more advanced sorting algorithm such as quicksort or mergesort. Quicksort, for example, has an average case complexity of O(n log n) but can degrade to O(n²) in the worst case, depending on pivot selection. Mergesort consistently maintains O(n log n) in all cases by dividing the array and merging sorted subarrays. The choice of sorting algorithm significantly impacts performance, especially as dataset size increases. The comparison of these algorithms illustrates the importance of selecting suitable algorithms based on data characteristics and performance requirements.

Conclusion

Mastering these fundamental programming tasks involves understanding control structures, data structures, memory management, and algorithm complexities. Building a symmetric shape demonstrates control flow and user interaction, linked list operations highlight dynamic memory and pointer management, and sorting algorithms exemplify the importance of algorithm efficiency. The practical implementation of these concepts enhances problem-solving skills necessary for advanced software development.

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