Create A 10-Slide Presentation Using Microsoft PowerPoint

Create a 10 Slide Presentation Using Microsoftpowerpointor A

Part 1: Create a 10-slide presentation using Microsoft® PowerPoint® or another presentation software of your choice. Include the following in your presentation: · Compare and contrast epistemology and metaphysics by selecting three of the following theories: · Skepticism · Rationalism · Empiricism · Realism · Idealism · Materialism · Determinism · Existentialism · Dualism · Explain the historical development and the evolution of how each grew out of the original field of epistemology or metaphysics. · Explain who the main contributors were for each school of thought. · Provide at least two examples of real-life applications for one of the three theories you have chosen. · Include a minimum of four sources outside of the course text. Include the videos, podcasts, and multimedia presented this week. Include an introduction and conclusion slide in addition to the 10 content slides. Include speaker notes. Format your presentation and sources consistent with APA guidelines. PART 2: Analyze metaphysics in philosophy by completing the following matrix. Provide a definition of the branch of philosophy as given in a philosophical source (the readings, supplemental materials, or outside academic sources) and list a minimum of three historical developments, theories, key contributors, and principal issues. Bullet point answers are acceptable. Field Definition Historical Developments Schools Of Thought Key Contributors Principal Issues Metaphysics Part 2 Essay: Write a 500-word response below that further describes the bullet-point ideas referenced on the matrix under the principal issues column. Principal issues are concerns that arise when considering a particular philosophical school of thought. Include APA citations from the readings, supplemental materials, and outside academic sources.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The exploration of metaphysics in philosophy involves understanding the fundamental nature of reality and existence. It is intertwined with epistemology, which concerns the nature and scope of knowledge. In this paper, a comparative analysis of three prominent theories—Rationalism, Empiricism, and Dualism—is provided, along with their historical development, main contributors, and real-world applications. Additionally, a detailed matrix is completed to analyze metaphysics as a branch of philosophy, followed by a 500-word essay elaborating on principal issues associated with metaphysical schools of thought.

Comparison of Epistemology and Metaphysics through Three Theories

Rationalism

Historical Development: Rationalism emerged in the 17th century as a response to the inadequacies of empiricism, emphasizing reason as the primary source of knowledge. Key figures include Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, who argued that certain knowledge is innate and can be discovered through rational intuition and deduction.

Main Contributors: René Descartes is often regarded as the father of rationalism, advocating that reason is the path to certain knowledge. Spinoza and Leibniz extended these ideas, developing comprehensive rationalist systems.

Real-Life Applications: Rationalist principles underpin modern mathematics and computer science, where deductive reasoning is crucial for problem-solving and technological development.

Empiricism

Historical Development: Originating in the 17th century as a counterpoint to rationalism, empiricism underscores sensory experience as the foundation of knowledge. Philosophers such as Locke, Berkeley, and Hume emphasized observation and experimentation.

Main Contributors: John Locke argued that the mind is a blank slate, acquiring knowledge through experience. Berkeley and Hume further elaborated on perception and skepticism.

Real-Life Applications: Empirical methods form the basis of the scientific method, influencing research practices across disciplines such as psychology, biology, and physics.

Dualism

Historical Development: Dualism gained prominence through Descartes in the 17th century, proposing that mind and body are distinct substances. This view has evolved and been contested within metaphysics and philosophy of mind.

Main Contributors: René Descartes’ substance dualism is pivotal, differentiating between res cogitans (mind) and res extensa (body). Contemporary philosophers debate the interaction and nature of these substances.

Real-Life Applications: Dualism influences debates in neuroscience and psychology regarding consciousness, mental health, and the mind-body problem.

Analysis of Metaphysics and Principal Issues

Metaphysics, as a fundamental branch of philosophy, seeks to understand the nature of reality, existence, and the universe beyond empirical observation (Heidegger, 1927/1962). It addresses questions about what things exist, how they relate, and the nature of properties and objects. Historically, metaphysics has evolved through various schools of thought, notably Aristotelian substance theory, Cartesian dualism, and Kantian transcendental idealism. Key contributors include Aristotle, who posited that substance is the primary reality; Descartes, who distinguished mind and body; and Kant, who challenged traditional metaphysics by proposing that our understanding shapes experience rather than reflecting an independent reality.

Principal issues in metaphysics often revolve around the debate between realism and idealism, the problem of universals, and questions of free will versus determinism. For instance, the problem of universals questions whether properties exist independently of objects or are merely mental constructs. Themind-body problem remains a central concern, with dualists advocating for separate substances and physicalists asserting monism. These issues highlight ongoing philosophical disagreements about the ultimate nature of reality and our capacity to know it, impacting fields such as science, ethics, and theology (Armstrong, 1993; Chalmers, 1996).

References

• Armstrong, D. M. (1993). _Universal; the particularly elusive universal_. Cambridge University Press.
• Chalmers, D. J. (1996). The conscious mind: In search of a fundamental theory. Oxford University Press.
• Heidegger, M. (1962). _Being and Time_ (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Harper & Row. (Original work published 1927)
• Kant, I. (1998). _Critique of Pure Reason_ (J. M. D. Hubbard, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1781)
• Russell, B. (1948). _The philosophy of logical atomism_. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Sullivan, M. (2013). Metaphysics: A contemporary introduction. Routledge.
• Descartes, R. (1641/1984). _Meditations on First Philosophy_ (J. Cottingham, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
• Leibniz, G. W. (1714/1981). Monadology and other philosophical writings. Open Court Publishing.
• Locke, J. (1689/1975). _An Essay Concerning Human Understanding_. Oxford University Press.
• Heil, J. (2012). Philosophy of mind: A contemporary introduction. Routledge.