Create Two Different Forms Of The Insert Command To Add A St
create Two Different Forms Of The Insert Command To Add A S
create Two Different Forms Of The Insert Command To Add A Student with a student ID of 60001 and last name John to the STUDENT table. Write a SQL command that will modify the name of course ISM4212 from Database to introduction to Oracle. Which students are enrolled in Database and Networking course? How many students are enrolled in Section 2714 in the first semester of 2018? Write a query to add a column state in student table and also show the use of check constraint by inserting state name (CA, FL, LA, NY). Write a query using above table (one table or combination of tables) to show the use of all parts of select command. What is the smallest section number used in the first semester of 2018? Write a query to show the student ID, faculty ID where date qualified is 9/2008 in descending order. Write a query using above tables to show the use of AND, OR operators. In student table add the grade column and insert data for any two students. Write a query using above table / tables to show the use of Alias name. Write a query or set of queries to establish the relationships among student, faculty, and section tables. You may add any new column in these three tables.
Paper For Above instruction
create Two Different Forms Of The Insert Command To Add A S
The intricate world of SQL commands provides various ways to manipulate and manage data within relational databases. One fundamental operation is inserting new data, which can be achieved through different syntaxes tailored to specific scenarios. This paper explores two distinct forms of the INSERT command to add a student record with a specific Student ID and last name into a STUDENT table, illustrating the flexibility and functionality of SQL insert statements.
Forms of the INSERT Command
1. INSERT INTO ... VALUES Syntax
The first and most straightforward form is the standard INSERT INTO ... VALUES statement. This form explicitly specifies the data values to be inserted into each corresponding column listed in the statement. For example, suppose the STUDENT table has columns such as StudentID, LastName, FirstName, and others. The following SQL command inserts a new student record with Student ID 60001 and Last Name 'John':
INSERT INTO STUDENT (StudentID, LastName)
VALUES (60001, 'John');
This method is best suited when inserting data with complete control over every field, especially when inserting single or multiple known records.
2. INSERT INTO ... SELECT Syntax
The second form leverages the INSERT INTO ... SELECT command, allowing insertion of data based on the result of a select query from another table or query result. For example, if a backup or temporary table contains student data, you can copy specific student entries into the STUDENT table as follows:
INSERT INTO STUDENT (StudentID, LastName)
SELECT StudentID, LastName FROM BackupStudents WHERE StudentID = 60001;
This form is useful for copying data selectively, transforming existing data, or inserting multiple records efficiently based on existing dataset conditions.
Additional SQL Operations and Queries
Modifying Course Name
To modify the name of a course with code ISM4212 from “Database” to “Introduction to Oracle,” the SQL command is:
UPDATE COURSE
SET CourseName = 'Introduction to Oracle'
WHERE CourseCode = 'ISM4212' AND CourseName = 'Database';
Querying Enrollment in Specific Courses
To identify students enrolled in "Database" and "Networking" courses, assume an ENROLLMENT table linking students to courses. The SQL query would be:
SELECT s.StudentID, s.LastName
FROM STUDENT s
JOIN ENROLLMENT e ON s.StudentID = e.StudentID
JOIN COURSE c ON e.CourseCode = c.CourseCode
WHERE c.CourseName IN ('Database', 'Networking');
Counting Enrolled Students in a Specific Section and Semester
Finding the number of students enrolled in section 2714 during the first semester of 2018 involves aggregating data:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS StudentCount
FROM ENROLLMENT e
JOIN SECTION sec ON e.SectionID = sec.SectionID
WHERE sec.SectionNumber = 2714 AND sec.Semester = 'Spring' AND sec.Year = 2018;
Adding a Column with Constraints and Inserting Data
To add a "State" column to the STUDENT table with specific allowed values and insert data accordingly, the commands are:
ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD (State VARCHAR2(2) CHECK (State IN ('CA','FL','LA','NY')));INSERT INTO STUDENT (StudentID, LastName, State)
VALUES (60002, 'Smith', 'CA'),
(60003, 'Doe', 'NY');
Using SELECT Clause Components and Aliases
Demonstrating all parts of the SELECT command—such as WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY—can be achieved through combined queries. For example:
SELECT s.StudentID AS ID, s.LastName AS Name, c.CourseName, e.Grade
FROM STUDENT s
JOIN ENROLLMENT e ON s.StudentID = e.StudentID
JOIN COURSE c ON e.CourseCode = c.CourseCode
WHERE e.Grade > 85
ORDER BY s.StudentID DESC
GROUP BY c.CourseName;
Finding the Smallest Section Number
To determine the smallest section number for first semester of 2018:
SELECT MIN(SectionNumber)
FROM SECTION
WHERE Semester = 'Spring' AND Year = 2018;
Retrieving Specific Data with Ordering
To show Student ID and Faculty ID where date qualified is September 2008, sorted descending:
SELECT StudentID, FacultyID
FROM FACULTY
WHERE DateQualified = TO_DATE('09/2008', 'MM/YYYY')
ORDER BY StudentID DESC;
Using AND/OR Operators
Sample query demonstrating logical operators:
SELECT StudentID, LastName
FROM STUDENT
WHERE (State = 'CA' AND LastName LIKE 'S%')
OR (State = 'NY' AND LastName LIKE 'D%');
Adding and Inserting Data into a New Column
To add a "Grade" column and insert data for two students:
ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD (Grade VARCHAR2(2));UPDATE STUDENT
SET Grade = 'A'
WHERE StudentID IN (60001, 60002);
Using Alias in Queries
Demonstrating aliasing in SELECT statements:
SELECT s.StudentID AS ID, s.LastName AS Last_Name, c.CourseName AS Course
FROM STUDENT s
JOIN ENROLLMENT e ON s.StudentID = e.StudentID
JOIN COURSE c ON e.CourseCode = c.CourseCode;
Establishing Relationships Among Tables
To define relationships among STUDENT, FACULTY, and SECTION tables, foreign keys can be added or used:
ALTER TABLE ENROLLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT fk_student FOREIGN KEY (StudentID) REFERENCES STUDENT(StudentID);
ALTER TABLE ENROLLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT fk_section FOREIGN KEY (SectionID) REFERENCES SECTION(SectionID);
ALTER TABLE SECTION ADD CONSTRAINT fk_faculty FOREIGN KEY (FacultyID) REFERENCES FACULTY(FacultyID);
These relationships help enforce referential integrity and establish clear links among tables, facilitating complex queries and data consistency.
Conclusion
Understanding different forms of SQL commands for inserting data, modifying schemas, querying information, and establishing relationships among tables are essential skills in relational database management. The flexibility of commands such as INSERT INTO ... VALUES and INSERT INTO ... SELECT enables tailored data manipulation suited to various use cases. Properly defining constraints and relationships not only maintains data integrity but also enhances the efficiency of database operations. Navigating these fundamentals empowers database administrators and developers to design robust, scalable, and maintainable systems.
References
- Elmasri, R., & Navathe, S. B. (2016). Fundamentals of Database Systems (7th ed.). Pearson.