Creating An Outline For Essay 2 Analyzing Arguments

Creating An Outline For Essay 2 Analyzing Arguments1 Identify Thepu

Creating An Outline for Essay 2 – Analyzing Arguments 1. Identify the purpose and claim of each article. Why do they matter? Title and author of Article 1: Purpose and claim: Title and author of Article 2: Purpose and claim: 2. Locate an example of each rhetorical strategy located in each article.

Article 1 (identify paragraph/page number and evidence) Ethos: Logos: Pathos: Article 2 (identify paragraph/page number and evidence) Ethos: Logos: Pathos: 3. Analyze the most effective appeals made by each author and explain why each is more effective than other appeals in the article. 1. (Article . (Article . Which author better satisfies their readers? Why?

5. Which author is better informed on the issue, and why do you believe this? 6. Write a response to the author with the less fitting response and explain what could have been done differently to better satisfy readers? Albassam 2 Abdullah Albassam Prof. Sabrena Turner-Odom AFRS 100B 10/2/2019 Article Analysis: African Americans’ Refusal to Revere the US National Anthem African-American players, beginning with quarterback Colin Kaepernick, started kneeling as a way to silently protest racial discrimination and police brutality in the United States. However, the roots of Black athletic activism go back several years before Kaepernick, at the least to the emergence of Black Lives Matter movement itself, and the scale and scope of contemporary Black athletic activism extends well beyond Kaepernick’s “take a knee” campaign as well. “Colin Kaepernick is Righter than You Know” by Jon Schwarz and Brent Staples’ “African-Americans and the Strains of the National Anthem” are vital articles in discussing the African Americans' refusal to stand whenever the US national anthem is played.

Schwarz’s article in particular was written as a response to the public’s backlash that saw Kaepernick refuse to defer to the national anthem during the 2016 baseball match. The article argues that African Americans are not obliged to obey the song. His argument is based on the historical motivation of Francis Scott Key, a composer in which the national anthem cheers the inhuman slaughter of emancipated African American fighters during the 1812 C.E war. According to Schwarz, America should compose a new national anthem (Schwarz 1-3). He advances his sentiments and tells the Americans that African Americans have valid and sensible reasons not to defer to the national anthem.

As such, it would only be human if America addresses their grievances in order to bring about interracial harmony. The article “Colin Kaepernick is Righter than You Know” was published on the 28 August 2016 on The Intercept website. Apparently, his choice of a publisher reveals that the article aimed at reaching the general public. The article contemplates that both the Caucasian Americans and the African Americans should be treated equally. There are various hyperlinked document resources that exist for Schwarz article such as the content that covers the responses of twitter users to the explanation; an article discussing Kaepernick’s reasons for not deferring the national anthem, a reproduction of the words of the national anthem, an article that describes the events taking place during the Battle of Fort McHenry in 1814; an article that explains what some African Americans who fought alongside the British in the war of 1812 went through in Trinidad; as well as an article that explains that, by 1833, Washington police were brutally treating the African Americans.

It is worth noting that this article has some limitations including the writer’s failure to effectively align the body of the article with the article’s title. In this, the writer declares in the title that Kaepernick was right in his actions for disregarding the national anthem. The body of the article, however, shows ambiguity as the writer invites the readers to evaluate the sentiments and acceptability of Kaepernick’s actions (paragraph 18). His failure to make certain assertions distracts the reader and hinders the grasp of the author’s main theme. Much like Schwarz’s article, Staple’s article contemplates that African Americans often struggle with double consciousness feelings because the US civic and political system is basically designed to inhibit them from achieving full citizenship.

Staple congratulates the insider-outsider status for disrespecting the national anthem (Staple). Staple uses these claims to inspire American society to rectify policies and adopt factors that will ensure equality and a sense of belonging. Staple published his article in The New York Times on June 9, 2018. Just like Schwarz, Staple wanted to reach a wider audience, perhaps the entire American society. Staple addresses the exigency that the declaration of independence emphasizes the need to respect and uphold the rights and origins of both African Americans and Caucasian Americans equally.

There are various resources for Staple including hyperlinked documents such as Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream,” the pbs.org “Lift Every Voice and Sing” article, and W.E.B. Du Bois’s “Double Consciousness.” The limitations for Staple include his self-identification as an African American who disregards the national anthem (paragraph 1). His confession may be viewed as a limitation in the sense that it can dissuade his audience from accepting his arguments, making him appear biased and less trustworthy. Additionally, he does not provide documentary proof indicating that the national anthem was common during the period of lynchings of African Americans in the South (paragraph 7).

A comparative rhetorical analysis of these two articles to determine their effectiveness shows that both effectively demonstrate that parts of the national anthem perceive African Americans as inferior and deserving death. Schwarz’s article states that the national anthem declares in the third stanza that “No refuge could save the hireling and slave / From the … gloom of the grave / And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave” (Schwarz 2). This section connotes that the American flag waved victoriously following the white American soldiers’ actions of decimating African Americans during the 1812 war. This portrays murdered African American soldiers as slaves who deserved to die at the mercy of victorious American soldiers, reinforcing racial bias. Similarly, Staple aligns with Schwarz in implying that African Americans should disregard the national anthem based on similar racial biases expressed in the same stanza.

Regarding ethical appeals, Staple satisfies readers more than Schwarz. Staple identifies himself as a Black who experienced injustices firsthand, such as witnessing Dr. King’s murder in the 1960s for non-violent advocacy for equality. This makes him a credible and trustworthy source. Schwarz, however, maintains a neutral stance and invites readers to draw conclusions, which might make him seem more objective but less emotionally compelling.

On emotional appeals, Staple again appeals more effectively. His recounting of African Americans’ experiences during the era when the anthem was popular and when they were prohibited from white-only games evokes strong emotions. Schwarz’s emotional appeal, which highlights the disrespect of the anthem toward those who fought for freedom, might provoke feelings but is less effective because it lacks personal testimony and emotional engagement.

References

• Schwarz, Jon. “Colin Kaepernick is Righter than You Know: The National Anthem is a Celebration of Slavery.” The Intercept, 28 Aug. 2016.
• Staples, Brent. “African-Americans and the Strains of the National Anthem.” The New York Times, 9 June 2018.
• Johnson, James Weldon. “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” 1900.
• Rosamond Johnson. “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” Music Score, 1900.
• Du Bois, W.E.B. “Double Consciousness.” The Souls of Black Folk, 1903.
• King, Martin Luther Jr. “I Have a Dream.” Lincoln Memorial Address, 1963.
• Black Lives Matter Movement Official Website. “Black Lives Matter: Overview.”
• United States Marine Corps. “History of the National Anthem.”
• National Archives. “The Star-Spangled Banner: The War of 1812 and Beyond.”
• Smith, Richard. “Racial Bias in American Patriotic Symbols.” Journal of Race and Politics, 2015.