Death: Agonal And Postmortem Changes, Death Is A Proc 634371

Death Agonal Andpostmortem Changes Death Is A Process And Not A Mo

Death – Agonal and Postmortem Changes • DEATH IS A PROCESS AND NOT A MOMENT IN TIME. • DURING THE PROCESS THERE IS A SERIES OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES. Agonal Period ïµ The process takes place in a sequence of steps. ïµ The period of time over which the steps occur is known as the agonal period ïµ Agonal refers to death or dying. During the agonal period the body is said to be moribund, a dying condition or dying. Death rattle ïµ Death rattle is a respiratory gurgling or rattling in the throat of the dying person, caused by the loss of the cough reflex and the accumulation of mucous. Death Struggle ïµ Death struggle is the semi convulsive twitches that occur before death.

Somatic death ïµ Somatic death is the death of the entire body ïµ It proceeds in an orderly progression from: ïµ clinical death to ïµ brain death, then to ïµ biological death and finally to ïµ postmortem cellular death Clinical Death ïµ Occurs when spontaneous respiration and heartbeat cease. ïµ During this time the person can be resuscitated and therefore, this is the reversible phase of the somatic death process. ïµ Brain death will occur if respiration and heartbeat are not reestablished. Biological death ïµ Biological death refers to the period in the process where simple life processes of the various organs and tissues of the body begin to cease. ïµ When biological death occurs, respiration and circulation cannot be restored.

Postmortem cellular death ïµ Postmortem cellular death occurs when individual cells use up stored elements, or are overcome by autolytic processes and die. ïµ Cells that are more specialized and/or active will react more quickly to the decrease of oxygen or nutrients. Progression of Cellular Death ïµ Brain & nervous system cells 5 minutes ïµ Muscle cells 3 hours ïµ Cornea cells 6 hours ïµ Blood cells 6 hours Antemortem Period ïµ The antemortem period is the time before death and as death is progressing: Key terms ïµ Necrobiosis: the physiologic, or natural death of cells ïµ Necrosis: the pathologic death of body cells as a result of disease processes (i.e. gangrene or decubitus ulcers) Stages of Death ïµ Agonal period ïµ Somatic Death ïµ Clinical death ïµ Brain death ïµ Biological death ïµ Post mortem cellular death Temperature Changes Two thermal changes can occur during the agonal period ïµ Agonal algor: the cooling or decrease of the body temperature prior to death. ïµ Agonal fever: the increase of the body temperature just prior to death Circulatory changes ïµ Agonal hypostasis: the settling of blood into the dependent tissues of the body.

The force of gravity overcomes the force of circulation as the circulation slows. ïµ Agonal coagulation: as the circulation of the blood slows and the blood begins to clot. ïµ Agonal capillary expansion: the opening of the pores in the walls of the capillaries to attempt to get more oxygen to the tissues and cells. Moisture Changes Two changes in tissue moisture are possible ïµ Agonal edema: the increase in the amount of moisture, or fluids, in the tissues and the body cavities. ïµ Agonal dehydration: the decrease in the amount of moisture, or fluids, n the tissues and body cavities. Translocation ïµ Translocation is the movement of microorganisms from one area of the body to another. Signs of Death 1.

Cessation of respiration 2. Cessation of circulation 3. Muscular flaccidity 4. Changes in the eye, including: a) Clouding of the cornea b) Loss of luster of the conjunctiva c) Flattening of the eyeball d) Dilated and unresponsive pupils 5. Postmortem lividity 6.

Rigor mortis 7. Algor mortis 8. Decomposition POSTMORTEM CHANGES ïµ Physical Changes ïµ Algor mortis ïµ Hypostasis ïµ Livor mortis ïµ Dehydration ïµ Increased viscosity of the blood ïµ Endogenous invasion of microorganisms POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Algor Mortis The postmortem cooling of the body. Factors affecting the rate of cooling of the body are Intrinsic factors and Extrinsic factors ïµ Intrinsic factors: within the body itself ïµ Ration of surface area of the body to the body mass ïµ Body temperature at the time of death ïµ Combination of the effects of the ration of the surface area to body mass and body temperature at the time of death ïµ Extrinsic Factors: factors in the surrounding environment (outside the body) ïµ Body coverings ïµ Surrounding environment POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Algor Mortis POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Hypostasis ïµ The process by which blood settles. ïµ Gravitational movement within the vessels to the dependent or lower parts of the body. ïµ Contact pallor refers to the areas where the blood movement has been inhibited.

POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Livor Mortis ïµ The settling of blood brings about discoloration that appears within ½ to 2 hours after death. ïµ The result of hypostasis ïµ Also know as postmortem lividity or cadaveric lividity POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Dehydration ïµ Surface dehydration: results from passage of air or air currents over the surface of the body. (keeping the body covered helps protect against surface dehydration) ïµ Gravitation or hypostasis dehydration: blood and body fluids settle to the dependant areas of the body. The higher areas where the liquids have moved from are more likely to be come dehydrated. (The lower areas are more likely to have postmortem edema) POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Dehydration ïµ Imbibition: the ability of the cells to draw moisture from the surrounding area into themselves.

POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Increased viscosity of the blood ïµ As dehydration occurs, the blood becomes more viscous. Elements of the blood stick together in clumps creating sludge. ïµ Dehydration will bring surface discolorations ranging from a yellow into the browns and finally black. ïµ Viscosity refers to the thickness of a liquid. POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Translocation ïµ Translocation of Microorganisms is the movement of microorganisms from one area of the body to another. ïµ For the embalmer, the most troublesome organism that could translocate is Clostridium perfringes. ïµ Clostridium perfringes is a tissue gas-producing anaerobic bacillus and is responsible for true tissue gas. ïµ Within 1 or 2 hours of death c perfringens if in the tissue can produce gases that distend the tissues to the point where viewing the body might be impossible.

POSTMORTEM CHEMICAL CHANGES ïµ Next Week Human Anatomy II Discussion Forum Week Nine: As we discuss the Lymphatic System this week. I would like you to discuss how this system comes into contact and applies to the embalmer. What will you be faced with as pertains to the lymphatic system? Students: Please answer the question first and then respond to one of your fellow classmates with a substantive response. "Substantive" means responding with one or more complete sentences that engages content.

Simply responding with something like "Welcome!", "Good to meet you!", "What a nice day!" or "Look, a squirrel!" would not be acceptable responses. Initial Post: 250 words Follow-up Post: 150 words NICOLE’S POST: The lymphatic system works alongside the vascular system in the body, which makes it a vital part of setting a plan of action for embalming. The lymphatic system brings excess fluids from the body back to the circulatory system through the veins. One condition that affects the lymphatic system, called edema, is caused when the capillaries leak fluid. Fluid retention in the body can then cause swelling of the extremities and even the organs.

Edema may be caused by conditions affecting the kidneys and heart. When an embalmer is dealing with a large amount of edema in a body, it's important to calculate the correct index of embalming fluid you is using, and be careful not to use a humectant because it will have the opposite effect of what you are trying to combat. You would not want to add more moisture which would cause even more swelling. Edema would also require more aspiration to remove the extra fluids from the organs. Restorative Art I Week 9 Discussion Forum Restoration to an acceptable appearance is one of the cornerstones of both embalming and restorative art.

Please answer the following prompts: 1. When looking at photographs, please discuss the difference between highlights and shadows. Why is this important in the funeral profession, as it relates to laying out the deceased for viewing? 2. What facial feature(s) are highlights?

3. Which facial feature(s) may create shadows? 4. What do you think the ramifications are if families are unimpressed or downright dissatisfied with the appearances of their loved ones? How do you think you will need to respond as an owner/manager to resolve/improve the situation? You are not required to respond to a classmate's post this week, but if you can share additional helpful information, please do so. Embalming I & Clinical Experience Embalming I Review Chapter 5 Postmortem Physical Changes Discuss the Somatic death process. Go through the series of steps involved in somatic death. Describe the physical changes that occur both during the agonal period and the postmortem period. What is Hypostasis?

What is Death rattle and hypostasis? Submit the completed assignment as a Word Document in Moodle.

Death Agonal Andpostmortem Changes Death Is A Process And Not A Mo

Death – Agonal and Postmortem Changes • DEATH IS A PROCESS AND NOT A MOMENT IN TIME. • DURING THE PROCESS THERE IS A SERIES OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES. Agonal Period ïµ The process takes place in a sequence of steps. ïµ The period of time over which the steps occur is known as the agonal period ïµ Agonal refers to death or dying. During the agonal period the body is said to be moribund, a dying condition or dying. Death rattle ïµ Death rattle is a respiratory gurgling or rattling in the throat of the dying person, caused by the loss of the cough reflex and the accumulation of mucous. Death Struggle ïµ Death struggle is the semi convulsive twitches that occur before death.

Somatic death ïµ Somatic death is the death of the entire body ïµ It proceeds in an orderly progression from: ïµ clinical death to ïµ brain death, then to ïµ biological death and finally to ïµ postmortem cellular death Clinical Death ïµ Occurs when spontaneous respiration and heartbeat cease. ïµ During this time the person can be resuscitated and therefore, this is the reversible phase of the somatic death process. ïµ Brain death will occur if respiration and heartbeat are not reestablished. Biological death ïµ Biological death refers to the period in the process where simple life processes of the various organs and tissues of the body begin to cease. ïµ When biological death occurs, respiration and circulation cannot be restored.

Postmortem cellular death ïµ Postmortem cellular death occurs when individual cells use up stored elements, or are overcome by autolytic processes and die. ïµ Cells that are more specialized and/or active will react more quickly to the decrease of oxygen or nutrients. Progression of Cellular Death ïµ Brain & nervous system cells 5 minutes ïµ Muscle cells 3 hours ïµ Cornea cells 6 hours ïµ Blood cells 6 hours Antemortem Period ïµ The antemortem period is the time before death and as death is progressing: Key terms ïµ Necrobiosis: the physiologic, or natural death of cells ïµ Necrosis: the pathologic death of body cells as a result of disease processes (i.e. gangrene or decubitus ulcers) Stages of Death ïµ Agonal period ïµ Somatic Death ïµ Clinical death ïµ Brain death ïµ Biological death ïµ Post mortem cellular death Temperature Changes Two thermal changes can occur during the agonal period ïµ Agonal algor: the cooling or decrease of the body temperature prior to death. ïµ Agonal fever: the increase of the body temperature just prior to death Circulatory changes ïµ Agonal hypostasis: the settling of blood into the dependent tissues of the body.

The force of gravity overcomes the force of circulation as the circulation slows. ïµ Agonal coagulation: as the circulation of the blood slows and the blood begins to clot. ïµ Agonal capillary expansion: the opening of the pores in the walls of the capillaries to attempt to get more oxygen to the tissues and cells. Moisture Changes Two changes in tissue moisture are possible ïµ Agonal edema: the increase in the amount of moisture, or fluids, in the tissues and the body cavities. ïµ Agonal dehydration: the decrease in the amount of moisture, or fluids, n the tissues and body cavities. Translocation ïµ Translocation is the movement of microorganisms from one area of the body to another. Signs of Death 1.

Cessation of respiration 2. Cessation of circulation 3. Muscular flaccidity 4. Changes in the eye, including: a) Clouding of the cornea b) Loss of luster of the conjunctiva c) Flattening of the eyeball d) Dilated and unresponsive pupils 5. Postmortem lividity 6.

Rigor mortis 7. Algor mortis 8. Decomposition POSTMORTEM CHANGES ïµ Physical Changes ïµ Algor mortis ïµ Hypostasis ïµ Livor mortis ïµ Dehydration ïµ Increased viscosity of the blood ïµ Endogenous invasion of microorganisms POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Algor Mortis The postmortem cooling of the body. Factors affecting the rate of cooling of the body are Intrinsic factors and Extrinsic factors ïµ Intrinsic factors: within the body itself ïµ Ration of surface area of the body to the body mass ïµ Body temperature at the time of death ïµ Combination of the effects of the ration of the surface area to body mass and body temperature at the time of death ïµ Extrinsic Factors: factors in the surrounding environment (outside the body) ïµ Body coverings ïµ Surrounding environment POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Algor Mortis POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Hypostasis ïµ The process by which blood settles. ïµ Gravitational movement within the vessels to the dependent or lower parts of the body. ïµ Contact pallor refers to the areas where the blood movement has been inhibited.

POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Livor Mortis ïµ The settling of blood brings about discoloration that appears within ½ to 2 hours after death. ïµ The result of hypostasis ïµ Also know as postmortem lividity or cadaveric lividity POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Dehydration ïµ Surface dehydration: results from passage of air or air currents over the surface of the body. (keeping the body covered helps protect against surface dehydration) ïµ Gravitation or hypostasis dehydration: blood and body fluids settle to the dependant areas of the body. The higher areas where the liquids have moved from are more likely to be come dehydrated. (The lower areas are more likely to have postmortem edema) POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Dehydration ïµ Imbibition: the ability of the cells to draw moisture from the surrounding area into themselves.

POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Increased viscosity of the blood ïµ As dehydration occurs, the blood becomes more viscous. Elements of the blood stick together in clumps creating sludge. ïµ Dehydration will bring surface discolorations ranging from a yellow into the browns and finally black. ïµ Viscosity refers to the thickness of a liquid. POSTMOREM PHYSICAL CHANGES: Translocation ïµ Translocation of Microorganisms is the movement of microorganisms from one area of the body to another. ïµ For the embalmer, the most troublesome organism that could translocate is Clostridium perfringes. ïµ Clostridium perfringes is a tissue gas-producing anaerobic bacillus and is responsible for true tissue gas. ïµ Within 1 or 2 hours of death c perfringens if in the tissue can produce gases that distend the tissues to the point where viewing the body might be impossible.

POSTMORTEM CHEMICAL CHANGES ïµ Next Week Human Anatomy II Discussion Forum Week Nine: As we discuss the Lymphatic System this week. I would like you to discuss how this system comes into contact and applies to the embalmer. What will you be faced with as pertains to the lymphatic system? Students: Please answer the question first and then respond to one of your fellow classmates with a substantive response. "Substantive" means responding with one or more complete sentences that engages content.

Simply responding with something like "Welcome!", "Good to meet you!", "What a nice day!" or "Look, a squirrel!" would not be acceptable responses. Initial Post: 250 words Follow-up Post: 150 words NICOLE’S POST: The lymphatic system works alongside the vascular system in the body, which makes it a vital part of setting a plan of action for embalming. The lymphatic system brings excess fluids from the body back to the circulatory system through the veins. One condition that affects the lymphatic system, called edema, is caused when the capillaries leak fluid. Fluid retention in the body can then cause swelling of the extremities and even the organs.

Edema may be caused by conditions affecting the kidneys and heart. When an embalmer is dealing with a large amount of edema in a body, it's important to calculate the correct index of embalming fluid you is using, and be careful not to use a humectant because it will have the opposite effect of what you are trying to combat. You would not want to add more moisture which would cause even more swelling. Edema would also require more aspiration to remove the extra fluids from the organs. Restorative Art I Week 9 Discussion Forum Restoration to an acceptable appearance is one of the cornerstones of both embalming and restorative art.

Please answer the following prompts: 1. When looking at photographs, please discuss the difference between highlights and shadows. Why is this important in the funeral profession, as it relates to laying out the deceased for viewing? 2. What facial feature(s) are highlights?

3. Which facial feature(s) may create shadows? 4. What do you think the ramifications are if families are unimpressed or downright dissatisfied with the appearances of their loved ones? How do you think you will need to respond as an owner/manager to resolve