Directions Select And Revise One Research Question Outline

Directionsselect And Revise One Research Question Outline Your Propo

Directions: Select and revise one research question. Outline your proposed innovative intervention (individual or community oriented) and a theoretical model that supports it. How will answering your research question contribute to the midwifery model of care? What theoretical model supports your proposed intervention? Create your own conceptual model that depicts how your intervention works.

How does your research question address health disparities, social justice, person-centered care, and cultural humility? (2-3 pages) 1. Research question including PICO elements (This is my research question, "What situations or conditions can increase the chance of male continued perpetration of physical violence against their intimate partners?") Fleming, P. J., McCleary-Sills, J., Morton, M., Levtov, R., Heilman, B. & Barker, G. (2015). Risk factors for men’s lifetime perpetration of physical violence against intimate partners: results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) in eight countries. PLoS one, 14(10), e. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone..

Outline proposed innovative intervention (individual or community oriented). Choose a theory that support your intervention and explain why it supports the intervention. (Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Mercer's Becoming a Mother, or Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory) 3. History of theory(who developed, what was the intention, concepts/constructs within the theory, etc.) 4. Contribution of research question to midwifery model of care 5. Discussion of how research question addresses health disparities, social justice, person-centered care, and cultural humility . 6. Present your own conceptual model that depicts how your intervention works. Include visual representation and brief narrative .

Paper For Above instruction

The issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrated by men remains a significant public health challenge worldwide. Understanding the factors that increase the likelihood of continued perpetration is crucial for developing effective interventions. My research question asks: "What situations or conditions can increase the chance of male continued perpetration of physical violence against their intimate partners?" This question aims to identify specific risk factors and contextual conditions that sustain or escalate IPV perpetration, thereby informing targeted interventions (Fleming et al., 2015).

To address this question, I propose an innovative community-oriented intervention grounded in the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). SCT, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes observational learning, self-efficacy, and behavioral reinforcement. This framework supports interventions that aim to modify attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to violence by fostering environments that promote positive modeling and reinforce non-violent behaviors (Bandura, 1986). For instance, community programs that utilize peer-led discussions, role modeling, and skills training can enhance men's confidence and motivation to adopt non-violent conflict resolution strategies.

The history of SCT reveals that Bandura developed the theory in the 1960s to understand how individuals learn behaviors through observation and modeling, especially in social contexts. The core constructs of SCT include observational learning, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and reciprocal determinism, which posits that individual behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences mutually influence each other (Bandura, 1986). In the context of IPV prevention, SCT suggests that altering environmental cues and providing positive role models can reduce violent behaviors.

This research question contributes to the midwifery model of care by emphasizing the importance of holistic, person-centered approaches that acknowledge social determinants of health. Midwives often serve as advocates and educators for women and families; understanding the contextual risk factors for IPV allows midwives to better recognize at-risk populations and integrate violence prevention strategies into routine care. By addressing the social and environmental contributors to IPV, midwives can promote safety, dignity, and respect within their practice.

Furthermore, the research promotes social justice and health equity by highlighting disparities related to gender-based violence. It advocates for culturally sensitive interventions that respect individual differences and empower communities to challenge norms that perpetuate violence. Person-centered care is central to this approach, as it recognizes the unique circumstances of each individual and prioritizes their safety and well-being. Cultural humility is integrated by engaging community members in designing interventions that are respectful of cultural values and practices, ensuring relevance and effectiveness.

In developing a conceptual model for this intervention, I visualize a framework where community engagement, peer modeling, and empowerment serve as core components. The model illustrates that contextual risk factors (e.g., substance abuse, societal norms) influence men's behaviors. The intervention enhances self-efficacy and provides positive role models, which, through observational learning, lead to reduced violent behavior. Feedback loops demonstrate that positive behavior changes reinforce self-efficacy and community norms, sustaining violence-free environments. This model underscores the dynamic and reciprocal nature of behavior change within cultural and social contexts.

References

• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
• Fleming, P. J., McCleary-Sills, J., Morton, M., Levtov, R., Heilman, B., & Barker, G. (2015). Risk factors for men’s lifetime perpetration of physical violence against intimate partners: Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) in eight countries. PLoS one, 14(10), e0141371. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141371
• World Health Organization. (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. WHO Press.
• Heise, L., & Kotsadam, A. (2015). Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: An analysis of data from 37 developing countries. International Journal of Public Health, 60(1), 16-26.
• Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2012). Gender and sexuality: Emerging perspectives from the developing world. Routledge.
• Mahalik, J. R., Good, G. E., & Englar-Carlson, M. (2003). Masculinity scripts, gender role conflict, and help seeking: Implications for practice and intervention. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(2), 123–131.
• Leininger, M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. Springer Publishing Company.
• Mercer, M. (2004). Becoming a mother: Clinical aspects. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
• Piotrow, P. T., Kincaid, D. L., Rinehart, W. & Conway, J. (1997). Health communication: Lessons from family planning and reproductive health. Praeger Publishers.
• Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence. McGraw-Hill Education.