Does Media Reflect Or Create Culture?
Kadian Dunkley1does Media Reflect Culture Or Does It Create C
Both media and culture are connected and inseparable; media both reflects society and shapes the culture. Media reflects culture by mirroring current societal values, norms, and practices, such as fashion trends or social behaviors. For example, fashion magazines often depict the prevailing styles and preferences of the time, thus reflecting societal tastes (Berger, 2017). Additionally, media outlets depend on society to provide content and audience engagement, which means they mirror societal concerns and interests. An illustration of this is a radio show or TV program that responds to public reactions to controversial stunts, revealing societal boundaries and moral standards. Conversely, media creates culture by actively influencing and shaping societal values, behaviors, and norms. Media has the power to push boundaries, challenge existing norms or reinforce stereotypes through advertising, news narratives, and entertainment content. As Fiske and Hancock (2016) argue, media can control perceptions and behaviors, especially when manipulated by political entities or commercial interests.
One notable way media creates culture is through the perpetuation of gender stereotypes. Advertisements often depict women as inferior or passive, reinforcing societal biases (Fiske & Hancock, 2016). Similarly, portrayals of masculinity emphasize traits such as strength and competitiveness, influencing societal expectations of gender roles. Moreover, media influences individual identity by altering dress, speech, and behavior to emulate admired role models, facilitated by social media platforms and celebrity culture. These representations shape cultural perceptions about beauty, success, and morality, thereby creating new cultural standards (Georgiou, 2017). Critical analysis reveals that media's role in culture is bidirectional: while reflecting societal realities, it simultaneously acts as an agent of cultural change and reinforcement.
The interplay between media and culture is complex and dynamic. Historically, media reflected primarily the dominant values of society. However, contemporary media's capacity to influence becomes increasingly prominent, especially with digital and social media's rise. This blurring of boundaries indicates a symbiotic relationship, where media both responds to and molds societal norms and values (Berger, 2017). As future trends indicate, media will likely continue to shape cultural perceptions through immersive technologies, algorithm-driven content, and global connectivity. Understanding this relationship helps communication professionals create responsible messages and recognize the powerful role media plays in societal development (Georgiou, 2017).
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