Draw A Flowchart Identifying The Components Of The Nervous S

Draw A Flow Chart Identifying The Components Of The Nervous System In

Draw a flow chart identifying the components of the nervous system. Include these items and specify where the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and spinal nerves fall in the flow chart: Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Somatic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system, Parasympathetic nervous system, Sympathetic nervous system.

Draw an image of the Central Nervous System (CNS) structures and label the major nerve plexuses of the body. Include these labels: Brachial plexus, Brain, Cervical plexus, Sacral plexus, Spinal cord.

Draw a neuron and identify the major structures: Axon terminal, Cell body, Dendrites, Myelin sheath, Node of Ranvier, Nucleus.

Draw a pair of lungs inside the thoracic cavity of a torso and label the anatomy associated with the upper and lower respiratory system: Alveoli, Bronchioles, Diaphragm, Epiglottis, Larynx, Left lobes, Nasal cavity, Nasal conchae, Nasal vestibule, Oral cavity, Parietal pleura, Pharynx, Primary bronchi, Right lobes, Secondary bronchi, Tertiary bronchi, Trachea, Visceral pleura.

Submission Requirement: Drawings must be completed by hand, traditionally or digitally. Start the drawing from a blank piece of paper or new file. Do not use an outline, such as a coloring book page. Artistic ability will not be graded. The information must be accurate, and organs/structures must relate to each other appropriately.

Labels must be legible and spelled correctly. A photo, scan, or screenshot of the hand-drawn work must be submitted as a Word document or .pdf. Drawings that are not completed by hand, traditionally or digitally, will not be accepted and will result in 0 points for the assignment. If an outline, such as a coloring book page, is used, the submission will not be accepted and will result in 0 points for the assignment.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The human nervous system is an intricate network responsible for coordinating all bodily functions, receiving sensory information, and enabling responses. It is divided into several components, each with distinct roles that work together to maintain homeostasis and facilitate interaction with the environment. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the nervous system's components, their organization, and the structures involved in respiratory and nervous functions, along with illustrative diagrams to support understanding.

Flow Chart of Nervous System Components

The nervous system is broadly classified into two primary categories: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center. The PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS, further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

The flow chart begins with the primary division: Nervous System, branching into two main parts:

- Central Nervous System (CNS): encompassing the brain and spinal cord.

- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): which includes all nerves extending from the CNS.

The PNS subdivides into:

- Somatic Nervous System: responsible for voluntary movements and transmission of sensory information.

- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): regulating involuntary functions; further divided into:

- Parasympathetic Nervous System: promoting restful states and energy conservation.

- Sympathetic Nervous System: preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Specifically, the cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain and are part of the PNS, transmitting sensory and motor information between the brain and the head, neck, and visceral organs. The spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord and innervate different parts of the body, forming plexuses such as the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.

Diagrams of CNS Structures and Nerve Plexuses

A detailed schematic of the CNS includes the brain, spinal cord, and major nerve plexuses:

- The brain sits within the skull and includes regions such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

- The spinal cord extends downward from the brainstem through the vertebral foramen.

- The cervical plexus supplies nerves to the neck and part of the head.

- The brachial plexus innervates the shoulder, arm, and hand.

- The sacral and lumbar plexuses supply the lower limbs.

These diagrams highlight the physical relationship and orientation of these nerves and plexuses, demonstrating their significance in transmitting signals between the CNS and peripheral tissues.

Neuron Anatomy

A neuron, the fundamental unit of the nervous system, consists of several key structures:

- The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and integrates incoming signals.

- Dendrites are tree-like structures extending from the cell body, receiving signals from other neurons.

- The axon propagates electrical impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or effector organs.

- The myelin sheath insulates the axon, increasing signal transmission speed.

- Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath, facilitating saltatory conduction.

- The axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to communicate with target cells, completing the transmission process.

- The nucleus within the cell body controls cellular functions.

Understanding neuron structure clarifies the neural communication process critical for nervous system functioning.

Respiratory System Structures

The respiratory system enables gas exchange, essential for oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal. The anatomical structures are organized into upper and lower respiratory tracts:

- The Nasal cavity and nasal conchae filter, warm, and humidify incoming air.

- The nasal vestibule is the external entry point.

- The pharynx conducts air from the nasal cavity to the larynx.

- The larynx houses the vocal cords and connects to the trachea.

- The epiglottis prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing.

- The trachea transports air to the bronchi.

- The primary bronchi branch into secondary (lobar) bronchi, then tertiary (segmental) bronchi, leading to smaller bronchioles.

- The bronchioles terminate in clusters of alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

- The diaphragm is vital for respiratory mechanics, contracting during inhalation.

Lung lobes:

- The left lung has two lobes and contains the cardiac notch.

- The right lung has three lobes.

The visceral and parietal pleura are serous membranes enclosing the lungs, facilitating smooth lung movement during respiration.

Implications for Learning and Practice

Accurate illustrations of these systems deepen understanding for health sciences students and practitioners. Properly labeled diagrams clarify spatial relationships among structures, which is crucial during clinical assessments and interventions.

Conclusion

This paper provides a structured overview of the nervous and respiratory systems with detailed descriptions and diagrams. The flow chart mapping the nervous system components underscores the hierarchical organization of the nervous system. The detailed images and labels of CNS structures, nerve plexuses, neurons, and respiratory anatomy solidify comprehension. Accurate, labeled illustrations are vital educational tools, fostering better understanding of complex human anatomy, which underpins effective healthcare practice.

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