Epidemiologic Study Worksheet Week 4 Application 1 Article ✓ Solved
Epidemiologic Study Worksheet Week 4 Application 1) Article Title and Au
Identify the article title and authors, research question, health outcome of interest, exposures investigated, participants studied, study design, data collection methods, main results and conclusions of the study, based on the provided epidemiological research articles and study descriptions.
Sample Paper For Above instruction
Article 1: Estimated autism risk and older reproductive age
Research question: The study aimed to determine whether advanced maternal age is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring.
Health outcome of interest: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis in children.
Exposures of interest: Maternal reproductive age, specifically older maternal age (especially age 35 and above).
Participants: The study included a cohort of children born in a specified geographic region, with data on maternal age and ASD diagnosis. The exact number of participants was not specified here, but typically, such cohort studies include thousands of mother-child pairs.
Study design: This was a prospective cohort study, following pregnant women over time to observe the outcome in their children, as this design allows for the temporal relationship between maternal age and ASD diagnosis to be established.
Data collection methods: Data were collected through linkage of birth records with medical and developmental records, possibly supplemented by questionnaires or interviews for additional socioeconomic data.
Results/Main findings: The study found that children born to older mothers had a higher risk of being diagnosed with ASD, with the risk increasing with maternal age. The researchers concluded that advanced maternal age is a significant risk factor for ASD.
Article 2: Case-control study of cancer among US Army veterans exposed to simian virus 40-contaminated adenovirus vaccine
Research question: To investigate whether exposure to the SV40-contaminated adenovirus vaccine is associated with increased risk of cancer among US Army veterans.
Health outcome of interest: Different types of cancer among exposed versus non-exposed veterans.
Exposures of interest: Exposure to the simian virus 40 (SV40) through contaminated adenovirus vaccine.
Participants: US Army veterans, with cases being veterans diagnosed with cancer and controls being veterans without cancer.
Study design: Case-control study, comparing exposures between cases and controls to establish associations.
Data collection methods: Data were collected via medical records, military records, and interviews to determine exposure status and cancer diagnosis.
Results/Main findings: The study found an increased likelihood of cancer among those exposed to the SV40-contaminated vaccine, suggesting a possible association between SV40 exposure and cancer risk.
Article 3: Childhood trauma and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome
Research question: The study aimed to evaluate whether childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of developing chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), potentially through neuroendocrine dysfunction mechanisms.
Health outcome of interest: Chronic fatigue syndrome diagnosis.
Exposures of interest: Childhood trauma, including abuse and neglect.
Participants: Individuals diagnosed with CFS and matched controls without CFS, with data collected via interviews and questionnaires.
Study design: Cross-sectional study, assessing associations between childhood trauma exposure and CFS diagnosis at specific time points.
Data collection methods: Self-reported questionnaires, medical interviews, and neuroendocrine assessments.
Results/Main findings: Childhood trauma was significantly associated with increased risk of CFS, with neuroendocrine dysfunction mediating some of this relationship.
Article 4: Cross-sectional study of effects of drinking green tea on cardiovascular and liver diseases
Research question: To examine whether green tea consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and liver diseases.
Health outcome of interest: Incidence or prevalence of cardiovascular and liver diseases.
Exposures of interest: Level of green tea consumption.
Participants: Adults recruited through surveys or health records, with details on their tea drinking habits and health conditions.
Study design: Cross-sectional study, analyzing data at a single point in time to identify associations.
Data collection methods: Questionnaires about dietary habits, medical records, and health screenings.
Results/Main findings: Regular green tea drinkers exhibited lower prevalence of cardiovascular and liver diseases, suggesting a protective effect.
Article 5: Disentangling the influence of socioeconomic status on health disparities
Research question: To analyze how socioeconomic status influences differences in health outcomes between African American and white women.
Health outcome of interest: Unmet medical needs and related health disparities.
Exposures of interest: Socioeconomic status indicators, such as income, education, and access to healthcare.
Participants: African American and white women, from national health surveys or databases.
Study design: Cross-sectional analysis examining associations between SES and health disparities.
Data collection methods: Data from surveys measuring socioeconomic indicators and health access/utilization.
Results/Main findings: Socioeconomic disparities significantly contributed to differences in unmet medical needs and health outcomes between racial groups, indicating that socioeconomic factors are key mediators of health inequities.
Article 6: Green tea and black tea consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk
Research question: To investigate whether high consumption of green and black tea is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer.
Health outcome of interest: Incidence of colorectal cancer.
Exposures of interest: Quantity and frequency of green and black tea intake.
Participants: Participants from a large cohort (e.g., Singapore Chinese health study), with dietary and health outcome data.
Study design: Prospective cohort study, tracking tea consumption and incident colorectal cancer over time.
Data collection methods: Food frequency questionnaires and medical record follow-up.
Results/Main findings: Regular consumption of green and black tea was associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, emphasizing tea's potential protective effects.
Article 7: Arsenic ingestion and bladder cancer mortality
Research question: To understand the dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure and bladder cancer mortality and infer possible mechanisms.
Health outcome of interest: Bladder cancer mortality.
Exposures of interest: Arsenic intake via environmental sources.
Participants: Population-based data on arsenic exposure levels and mortality records.
Study design: Ecologic study analyzing overall exposure and mortality data to evaluate dose-response patterns.
Data collection methods: Environmental arsenic measurements and mortality statistics.
Results/Main findings: A dose-response relationship was observed, suggesting a mechanistic link between arsenic exposure and increased bladder cancer risk.
Article 8: Incentives for smoking cessation
Research question: To evaluate whether financial incentives improve smoking cessation rates.
Health outcome of interest: Smoking cessation success.
Exposures of interest: Implementation of financial incentives versus usual care.
Participants: Smokers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial, assigned to receive incentives or not.
Study design: Randomized controlled trial.
Data collection methods: Follow-up surveys, biochemical verification of smoking status.
Results/Main findings: Participants receiving financial incentives had significantly higher cessation rates, indicating effectiveness of incentives.
Article 9: Effect of impact exercise on bone metabolism
Research question: To assess how impact exercises influence bone metabolism and potentially prevent osteoporosis.
Health outcome of interest: Bone metabolism markers and osteoporosis risk.
Exposures of interest: Engagement in impact exercise routines.
Participants: Adults participating in controlled intervention studies.
Study design: Experimental studies examining intervention effects on bone markers.
Data collection methods: Biochemical assays for bone metabolism markers pre- and post-exercise.
Results/Main findings: Impact exercises increased bone formation markers, suggesting beneficial effects on bone health.
References
- King, M., Fountain, C., Dakhlallah, D., & Bearman, P. (2009). Estimated autism risk and older reproductive age. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1673–1679.
- Rollison, D., Page, W., Crawford, H., Gridley, G., Wacholder, S., Martin, J., Miller, R., & Engles, E. (2004). Case-control study of cancer among US Army veterans exposed to simian virus 40-contaminated adenovirus vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology, 160(4), 317–324.
- Heim, C., Nater, U., Maloney, E., Boneva, R., Jones, J., & Reeves, W. (2009). Childhood trauma and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome association with neuroendocrine dysfunction. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(1), 72–80.
- Imai, K., & Nakachi, K. (1995). Cross-sectional study of effects of drinking green tea on cardiovascular and liver diseases. BMJ, 310, 693–696.
- Wiltshire, J., Person, S., Kiefe, C., & Allison, J. (2009). Disentangling the influence of socioeconomic status on differences between African American and white women in unmet medical needs. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1659–1665.
- Sun, C., Yuan, J., Koh, W., Lee, H., & Yu, M. (2007). Green tea and black tea consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk: the Singapore Chinese health study. Carcinogenesis, 28(10), 2143–2148.
- Steven H Lamm, & Michael B Kruse. (2005). Arsenic ingestion and bladder cancer mortality - What do the dose-response relationships suggest about mechanism? Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 11(2), 433–450.
- Volpp, K., Troxel, A., Pauly, M., Glick, H., Puig, A., Asch, D., Galvin, R., Zhu, J., Wan, F., Deguzman, J., & Corbett, E. (2009). A randomized, controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360(7), 699–709.
- Vainionpà¤à¤, A., Korpelainen, R., Và¤à¤nà¤nen, H., Haapalahti, J., Jà¤msà¤, T., & Leppà¤luoto, J. (2009). Effect of impact exercise on bone metabolism. Osteoporosis International, 20(10), 1725–1733.