Exercise 2: Gas And Reactions Data Table 2 Carbon Dio 751759

Exercise 2 Gas And Reactionsdata Table 2carbon Dioxide Reaction Obse

Exercise 2: Gas and Reactions Data Table 2. Carbon Dioxide Reaction Observations. Please be specific and detailed.

Reaction Observations:

- Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂: Gas bubbles appeared almost immediately. Solution became opaque white in color.

- CO₂ + BTB: Bubbles formed and solution changed color from blue to yellow/copper.

- CO₂ + Flame: The flame went out almost immediately.

- Ca(OH)₂ + Antacid/water: Gas produced.

- Antacid/water + Smoldering toothpick: Reaction observed.

- Ca(OH)₂ + Breath: Solution turned lightly opaque and milky in appearance.

Questions:

A. Write a balanced chemical equation (with phases) for the reaction of carbon dioxide and limewater (Ca(OH)₂). What are the physical descriptions of the products that are formed (i.e., what do they look like)?

B. When the bromothymol blue (BTB) was exposed to the CO₂ gas, what color was the solution? Did the color indicate presence of an acid or base? Explain how you know this.

C. Did the reaction between the antacid tablet and the tap water produce hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon dioxide gas? Using your results from Exercise 1 and Exercise 2, explain how you came to deduce the identity of the gas that was formed.

D. Based on your observation of the reaction that occurred when limewater was exposed to your breath, what gas did you exhale? Using your observations from Data Table 2, explain how you came to deduce the identity of the gas. Be specific.

E. What is another simple way to generate carbon dioxide gas?

F. Carbon dioxide is used in certain types of fire extinguishers. Based on what you learned in this lab, what would happen if the extinguisher was filled with oxygen gas? What about hydrogen gas?

Paper For Above instruction

The chemical interactions involving carbon dioxide (CO₂) are fundamental in understanding various natural and industrial processes. In this laboratory exercise, students observe reactions between CO₂ and different substances, analyze color changes in pH indicators, and interpret the implications of these reactions. This paper systematically addresses the specific questions related to CO₂ reactions, clarifies the chemical equations involved, and discusses the significance of these reactions in practical applications such as fire extinguishers.

A. Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Limewater

The reaction between carbon dioxide and limewater (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂) is well-documented. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction, incorporating phases, is:

Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) + H₂O (l)

In this reaction, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitates as a white, chalky solid, giving the solution an opaque white appearance. The water formed remains in the solution phase. The physical description of the products includes a milky or cloudy suspension (due to the precipitated CaCO₃) and a clear or slightly cloudy solution, depending on the extent of the reactant mixing.

B. pH Indicator Response to Carbon Dioxide

When bromothymol blue (BTB) was exposed to CO₂, the solution's color changed from blue to yellow/copper. BTB is a pH indicator that turns yellow in acidic conditions (pH below 6.0) and remains blue in neutral to basic solutions (pH above 7.6). Therefore, the color change from blue to yellow indicates the presence of an acid, caused by CO₂ dissolving in water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). This reaction lowers the pH of the solution, transforming the indicator's color accordingly.

C. Gas Produced by Antacid Tablet in Water

The reaction between an antacid tablet and tap water produces carbon dioxide gas. This deduction is based on the typical behavior of antacids, which contain carbonate or bicarbonate compounds. When these react with acids in the water, they release CO₂ gas. The observed bubbling and fizzing during the reaction confirm the production of CO₂ rather than hydrogen or oxygen. Previous experiments with hydrogen gas would produce a visible pop or faint squeak when ignited, which was not observed here. Oxygen would be less likely, as it does not form bubbles upon reaction with antacids, and its generation typically involves different reactions.

D. Gas Exhaled When Breathing into Limewater

The milky appearance of limewater when exposed to breath indicates the exhaled gas is carbon dioxide. Human respiration involves exhaling CO₂, which reacts with limewater to form insoluble calcium carbonate, causing the cloudy or opaque appearance. The quick reaction and formation of precipitate confirm the exhaled gas's identity as CO₂, consistent with typical respiratory processes.

E. Alternative Methods to Generate Carbon Dioxide

Aside from reacting limewater with acids or antacid tablets, carbon dioxide can be produced by the decomposition of common carbonates such as sodium carbonate or baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) when heated or reacted with acids. For example, adding vinegar (acetic acid) to baking soda releases CO₂ gas rapidly, a reaction often demonstrated in simple science experiments.

F. Implications of Using Different Gases in Fire Extinguishers

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers work by displacing oxygen around the fire, suffocating combustion. If an extinguisher was filled with oxygen, the fire could potentially intensify rather than diminish, providing more oxygen to fuel the flames. Conversely, if filled with hydrogen, the risk of explosion would be significantly increased due to hydrogen's flammability and ability to rapidly ignite with a spark or even static electricity. Correctly, fire extinguishers contain CO₂ because it effectively suppresses fires without introducing new hazards, unlike oxygen or hydrogen.

Conclusion

The experimental observations reinforce the fundamental chemical properties of carbon dioxide, including its support for precipitate formation, effect on pH indicators, and role in human respiration. Understanding these reactions is crucial for practical applications, including environmental science and safety measures in fire control. Precise knowledge of these chemical behaviors ensures the effective and safe deployment of CO₂ in various contexts.

References

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