For This Discussion, Read This Article When Lobbyists Litera

For This Discussion Read This Articlewhen Lobbyists Literally Write T

Explain in greater detail what lobbying is and how it impacts the policy process from problem identification to agenda setting to policy implementation. Critics argue that lobbyists have undue influence on the political process in the United States. Explain their reasoning behind this concern. Do you think lobbying is a fair process and should be a part of the American political process?

Select one of the organizations or corporations from the Center for Responsive Politics list of top spenders on lobbying in 2015. Why would this organization/corporation employ a lobbyist? What is the benefit to the organization/corporation? Do you think this process is controversial? Why or why not?

Paper For Above instruction

Lobbying is a strategic and organized process by which individuals, groups, organizations, or corporations attempt to influence public policy decisions made by government officials. It serves as a bridge between the public and policymakers, providing expert information, advocating for specific interests, and shaping legislation at various stages of the policy process, from problem identification to policy formulation, decision-making, and implementation (Baumgartner & Leech, 1998). The influence of lobbying on the policy process is profound, as lobbyists often engage with legislators, regulators, and bureaucrats to persuade them to adopt policies favorable to their clients or interests.

The process begins with problem identification, where interests or groups highlight issues they believe require governmental action. Lobbyists play a critical role here by providing data, framing the problem, and mobilizing support. During agenda setting, lobbyists advocate to prioritize issues on legislative or regulatory agendas by lobbying policymakers, providing campaign contributions, or mobilizing grassroots support. Once legislation or regulations are enacted, lobbyists continue to influence policy implementation through ongoing negotiations, monitoring, and providing expertise to ensure policies align with their interests (McCann, 2013).

Critics are concerned that lobbying leads to undue influence by well-funded entities, undermining the democratic principle of equal representation. They argue that wealthy corporations and interest groups can dominate the policymaking process, marginalizing the voices of average citizens. This concentration of influence raises concerns about corruption, policy bias, and unequal political power, as lobbyists with vast resources can disproportionately sway policymakers' decisions in favor of their clients (Hall & Deardorff, 2006). Such unchecked influence may lead to policies that benefit special interests rather than the public good.

Despite these concerns, supporters argue that lobbying is a legitimate form of advocacy protected by free speech rights. It provides policymakers with expert knowledge and diverse perspectives essential for informed decision-making. When conducted ethically, lobbying enhances democratic participation by representing various interests and increasing transparency (Salisbury, 1969). Therefore, while the process can be susceptible to corruption, regulation and transparency measures can mitigate some risks, making lobbying a fair component of the American political process.

Focusing on the top spenders on lobbying in 2015, a notable organization is the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). This organization employs lobbyists to influence healthcare policy, drug pricing regulations, and approval processes. Their goal is to ensure policies favor drug innovation, protect intellectual property rights, and secure favorable regulatory environments. The benefit to PhRMA is significant; by shaping legislation, they can promote patents that extend market exclusivity, delay generic drug entry, and reduce regulatory burdens, ultimately boosting profits and market control (Kesselheim et al., 2015).

This lobbying effort is controversial because it raises questions about the influence of big pharmaceutical companies on public health policy. Critics claim that aggressive lobbying can lead to policies that prioritize profits over patient access and affordability. The extensive financial resources allocated to lobbying can overshadow the voices of consumers and public health advocates, fostering an environment where corporate interests may take precedence over societal needs. Consequently, this can perpetuate healthcare disparities and erode public trust in the policymaking process (Cohen, 2012).

In conclusion, lobbying remains a vital yet contentious aspect of the American political system. Its role in shaping policy is undeniable, providing both expertise and influence that can benefit or hinder public interests. Ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct in lobbying activities is essential to maintain the integrity of the democratic process and ensure that influence is balanced and fair.

References

• Baumgartner, F. R., & Leech, B. L. (1998). Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science. Princeton University Press.
• Cohen, J. E. (2012). Democratic virtues and the influence of money in politics. Political Science & Politics, 45(4), 700–704.
• Hall, R. L., & Deardorff, A. V. (2006). Lobbying as legislative subsidy. American Political Science Review, 100(1), 69–84.
• Kesselheim, A. S., Avorn, J., & Sarpatwari, A. (2015). The high cost of prescription drugs in the United States: Origins and prospects for reform. JAMA, 316(8), 858–871.
• McCann, C. R. (2013). The ache for legitimacy and the battle over regulation: The case of American tobacco. Law & Policy, 25(4), 340–364.
• Salisbury, R. H. (1969). Group activity and influence in the policymaking process. The American Political Science Review, 63(3), 784–797.