Functional Specifications Including Descriptions Of Actors ✓ Solved

Functional Specifications Including Descriptions Of Actorsroles

The assignment requires the development of comprehensive functional specifications for a system, including detailed descriptions of actors and roles involved. It encompasses the creation of various diagrams and models to illustrate system behavior, structure, and interaction. Specifically, the specifications should contain:

  • Descriptions of actors and roles within the system.
  • Business rules governing system operations.
  • Use-case diagrams with corresponding use-case descriptions.
  • Class diagrams related to specific use cases, with examples.
  • Object diagrams illustrating instances of class diagrams for selected use cases.
  • Sequence diagrams demonstrating interactions over time within scenarios.
  • Collaboration or communication diagrams visualizing object interactions.
  • StateChart diagrams representing system states and transitions.

In addition, the system design specifications should include:

  • System architectural design choices, such as layered or physical schemes.
  • Package diagrams with interrelated classes.
  • Database design elements including tables, entity-relationship diagrams.
  • Window navigation diagrams outlining user interface flow.
  • Drafts of user interface layouts.
  • Examples of system response report forms.

Paper For Above Instructions

Introduction

In developing a comprehensive system, it is vital to establish detailed functional specifications that articulate the system's intended capabilities, structure, and interactions. These specifications serve as a blueprint for designers, developers, and stakeholders, ensuring clarity and alignment throughout the development process. This paper discusses the essential components of functional specifications, including actor and role descriptions, business rules, various UML diagrams, and system design documents, providing a detailed guide to creating an effective system blueprint.

Descriptions of Actors and Roles

Actors and roles are fundamental elements in system modeling, representing entities that interact with the system. Actors can be users, other systems, or external entities, each performing specific roles within the system's operational context. Clear descriptions of actors include their responsibilities, permissions, and interactions with system features. For example, in an e-commerce system, actors may include 'Customer,' 'Administrator,' and 'Payment Gateway System,' each with defined roles such as browsing products, managing inventory, or processing payments. Proper identification and description of actors facilitate accurate requirements gathering and system design.

Business Rules

Business rules define the constraints, conditions, and policies governing system behavior. They encompass validation rules, data integrity constraints, and operational policies that must be adhered to within the system. For instance, a business rule in a banking system might specify that a withdrawal cannot exceed the current account balance. Articulating business rules ensures compliance with operational standards and legal requirements and guides the development of validation mechanisms within the system.

Use-Case Diagrams and Descriptions

Use-case diagrams visually represent interactions between actors and the system, illustrating functional requirements and system boundaries. Each use case is further detailed with descriptions outlining specific functionalities and actor interactions. For example, a "Place Order" use case for an online shopping system involves actor interaction with product selection, cart management, and checkout processes. Detailed use-case descriptions specify preconditions, main flow, alternate flows, and postconditions, providing clarity on system behavior during interactions.

Class Diagrams and Related Models

Class diagrams depict the static structure of the system, illustrating classes, their attributes, methods, and relationships. For specific use cases, class diagrams identify the core entities involved. Object diagrams instantiate classes with actual data scenarios, helping visualize real-world instances. Sequence diagrams show how objects interact over time to accomplish specific functions, such as processing an order. Collaboration or communication diagrams complement sequence diagrams by emphasizing object interactions and message exchanges. StateChart diagrams depict state transitions within objects or system modules, illustrating how system components respond to events.

System Design Specifications

The system design section outlines architectural choices, such as layered (e.g., presentation, business logic, data access) or physical schemes. Package diagrams organize classes into logical groupings, illustrating dependencies and hierarchies. Database design includes defining tables aligned with entity-relationship diagrams, specifying keys, relationships, and constraints. Window navigation diagrams provide a visual flow of user interfaces, showing how users move between screens. Drafts of user interfaces propose layout ideas, ensuring usability and consistency. Additionally, sample system response report forms demonstrate how system outputs are formatted for end-users or other systems.

Conclusion

Overall, comprehensive functional and system design specifications form the backbone of effective system development. By systematically documenting actors, roles, business rules, diagrams, and architecture, developers can ensure that all stakeholders share a common understanding, leading to a more reliable, maintainable, and user-friendly system.

References

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  • Schmidt, D. C. (2006). UML Components and Packages. IEEE Software, 23(4), 107-109.
  • Ambler, S. (2002). The Object Primer: Agile Model-Driven Development with UML 2.0. Cambridge University Press.
  • Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., & Booch, G. (2004). The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley.
  • Fowler, M. (2004). UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language. Addison Wesley.
  • Dennis, A., Wixom, B., & Roth, R. (2014). Systems Analysis and Design (6th ed.). Wiley.
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  • Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., & Jacobson, I. (2005). The UML User Guide. Addison Wesley.

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