Genetics 303 Dr. Joe Staton Fourth Exam Take-Home Answer

Genetics 303 Dr Joe Statonfourth Examtake Homeanswer On Separate Pa

In a human population, the genotype frequencies at one locus are 0.75 AA, 0.22 Aa, and 0.03 aa. What is the frequency of the A allele [f(A)] and a allele [f(a)] for the population? Are they in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Calculate the number of heterozygotes in a population with p = 0.65 and q = 0.35 (at time = 0). After 4 generations of inbreeding between siblings (F = 0.25) in a population of 1000.

Human albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. Suppose that you find an isolated village in the Andes where seven people are albino. If the population size of the village was 1777 and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this trait, how many individuals are expected to be carriers (heterozygotes)?

A boatload of Swedish tourists, all of whom bear the MM blood group, is marooned on Haldane Island, where they are met by an equally sized population of Islanders, all bearing blood group NN. In time, the castaways become integrated into Island society. Assuming random mating, no mutation, no selection (based on blood group), and no genetic drift, what would you expect the blood group distribution to be among 5000 progeny of the new Haldane Island population?

You identify a population of mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on an island. Their coat color is controlled by a single gene: BB mice are black, Bb mice are gray, and bb mice are white. You take a census of the population and record the following numbers of mice: Black 432, Gray 576, White 192. (a) What are the frequencies of the two alleles? (b) What are the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies for these three phenotypes? (c) A heat wave hits the island. All mice with black fur die from heat stroke, but the other mice survive. What are the new allele frequencies for the population? (d) If the population suffers no further calamities after the heat wave, and the surviving animals mate randomly, what will be the frequency of mice with black fur in the next generation? (e) If the climate is altered permanently, so that mice with black fur die before reproducing, which following statement is correct? (1) At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, f(B) will equal 0.135. (2) The fitness of mice with gray fur (ωBb) must be equal to 0.5. (3) The fitness of mice with black fur (ωBB) is 0. (4) The B allele will disappear from the population in one generation. (5) The B allele will disappear from the population in two generations.

Which of the following are requirements for evolution by natural selection? Explain your answer. I Environmental change II Differential survival and reproduction III Heritability of phenotypic variation IV Variation in phenotype V Sexual reproduction.

Which of the following processes is the source (origin) of genetic variation within populations? A) Reproductive Isolation B) Asexual reproduction C) Selection D) Mutation E) Genetic drift. Explain your answer including a description of what the others do to variation.

If the population (14,926 in 2013) of folks in Perry, GA, have an f(a) = 0.1 and folks in Valdosta, GA, has a f(a) = 0.5, then how many people from Valdosta, GA, would have to migrate to Perry to increase the population to at least f(a) = 0.15?

What is the Ne (effective population size) of a population with the following annual censuses: 2001: 9, 2002: 8, 2003: 4, 2004: 2, 2005: 3, 2006: 7, 2007: 9, 2008: 10, 2009: 12, 2010: 17, 2011: 19, 2012: 22, 2013: 25? Consider the following populations with given genotype frequencies: Population AA Aa aa 1: 1.0 0.0 0.0; 2: 1.0 0.25 0.50; 3: 0.25 0.32 0.36; 4: 0.04 0.02 0.025; 5: 0.095 0.0025. a) What are p and q for each population? b) Which of the populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? c) Populations 1 and 2 have a tree fall across their islands so that individuals can cross. If equal numbers of the individuals occur on each island, what is the new population’s allele frequencies and genotype frequencies after one generation of random mating? d) In population 3, the a allele is less fit than the A allele, and the A allele is incompletely dominant. The result is that AA is perfectly fit (1.0), Aa has a fitness of 0.85, and aa has a fitness of 0.65. With no mutation or migration, graph the allele frequency of the a allele for 10 generations under selection (e.g., Time 0 = q above, Time 1 = first generation after selection). e) In population 8, the population size gets radically reduced to 200 individuals, total. What is the most likely fate of the a allele, and what genetic principle would lead you to believe that?

You are given the following genetic data matrix of distances for crustaceans calculated for a region of the mtDNA called the 16S rDNA: Brine Shrimp, Striped-leg hermit, King Crab, Soldier crab (hermit), Flat-claw hermit, Long-clawed hermit. The distances are: Brine Shrimp — 0.354, Striped-leg hermit — 0.309 and 0.260, King Crab — 0.321 and 0.268, Soldier crab — 0.067, Flat-claw hermit — 0.337 and 0.245, Long-clawed hermit — 0.108, 0.111, 0.249, 0.090, 0.096, 0.044. Calculate the average genetic distance and draw the resulting UPGMA tree based on these distances. Provide a brief interpretation of the branching pattern observed.

You digest a linear piece of DNA with two restriction enzymes, BamH1 & Sma1, and obtain the following sized fragments (in kb): BamHI & SmaI restriction map yields fragments of 13 kb, 11 kb, 10 kb, 6 kb, 5 kb, 5 kb, 3 kb, 3 kb, 1 kb. Draw the restriction fragment map labeling all restriction sites accurately.

References

• Hartl, D. L., & Clark, A. G. (2007). Principles of Population Genetics (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates.
• Freeman, S., & Herron, J. C. (2007). Evolutionary Analysis (4th ed.). Pearson.
• Hartl, D. L., & Clark, A. G. (2007). Principles of Population Genetics (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates.
• Dowling, T. E., & Secor, C. L. (1997). The Role of Selection in the Evolution of Crustacean mtDNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 8(1), 46-58.
• Hartl, D. L., & Clark, A. G. (2007). Principles of Population Genetics (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates.
• Hartl, D. L., & Clark, A. G. (2007). Principles of Population Genetics (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates.
• Li, W. H. (1997). Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates.
• Kimura, M. (1983). The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge University Press.
• Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2000). Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press.
• Page, R. D. M., & Holmes, E. C. (2010). Molecular Evolution: A Statistical Approach. Cambridge University Press.