Given These Observed Times In Minutes For Four Elements Of A
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Given These Observed Times In Minutes For Four Elements Of A Job De
Given these observed times (in minutes) for four elements of a job, determine the observed time (OT) for each element. Note: The second element only occurs every other cycle. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.
Paper For Above instruction
To determine the observed time (OT) for each element of a job based on observed times, we employ the standard approach used in work measurement and time study analysis. The observed time (OT) reflects the standard time required to perform a specific element, accounting for pace and efficiency deviations during the observation period. Since the observed times are collected across multiple cycles, the use of average observed times enables more accurate estimation of the OT for each element.
Given the nature of the observed data, where certain elements are observed multiple times and one element occurs only every other cycle, careful calculation is essential to obtain unbiased and reliable estimates. The primary steps involve sorting the data, calculating averages, and adjusting for the cycle frequency where necessary.
Step 1: Organize the observed times
The provided data indicates four elements, with observed times for each element across several cycles. Notably, the second element occurs only every other cycle, which influences how its OT is computed.
Step 2: Calculate the average observed time for each element
For elements that are observed in every cycle, the OT is simply the mean of their observed times. For the element observed every other cycle, the total observed time across its cycles must be doubled since only every second cycle is recorded, ensuring the estimated OT reflects a full cycle.
Step 3: Computation
Assuming the observed times provided are as follows (for illustrative purposes, since actual data is marked as "[removed]"):
- Element 1: observed times across multiple cycles
- Element 2: observed times every other cycle
- Element 3: observed times across multiple cycles
- Element 4: observed times across multiple cycles
The precise calculation involves summing the observed times for each element, dividing by the number of observations, and doubling the result for element 2 to compensate for its occurrence every other cycle.
Step 4: Finalize the observed times
Applying these steps, the approximate OT for each element is derived. Rounded to two decimal places, these computational steps yield the following:
- Element 1 OT ≈ (Sum of Element 1 observed times) / (Number of observations)
- Element 2 OT ≈ 2 * (Sum of Element 2 observed times) / (Number of observations for Element 2)
- Element 3 OT ≈ (Sum of Element 3 observed times) / (Number of observations)
- Element 4 OT ≈ (Sum of Element 4 observed times) / (Number of observations)
Conclusion
Accurately calculating the OT for each element ensures proper timing standards are established, which are critical for effective work measurement, costing, and efficiency analysis. These calculations facilitate process improvement and help in setting realistic performance benchmarks.
References
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