Global Media You Have Earned 2 Points Out Of 2 Points Thus F

Global Mediayou Have Earned 2 Points Out Of 2 Points Thus Farmed

Global Media. You have earned 2 point(s) out of 2 point(s) thus far. Media Imperialism Global media and cultural imperialism: Media can be used to influence other peoples and nations. With the media seen as powerful in influencing the ideas of living, the logical step is to "flood" a country with our media so that they absorb our ideas. This has been happening, either intentionally as propaganda or not, every more with the ease of digital transmission of mass media.

A. The stages of globalization have evolved from direct to indirect influence. 1. Stage 1. Governments projected power beyond their borders. a. Christopher Columbus “taking†the new world by force. b. King Leopold "taking" the Congo for his personal benefit. c. These imperialist conquests were morally wrong, difficult to control and ultimately cost ineffective. 2. Stage 2. s. Multinational companies projected power beyond their borders. a. The advent of low transportation costs and cheap publishing/reproduction let a single book, film or record be spread across many nations. i. Dickens books made many Americans into Anglophiles: admirers of everything British. ii. France was influential in science for decades through its works: Jules Verne "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", Mieles "From the Earth to the Moon." b. A country could influence others without military adventurism i. The U.S. books by Mark Twain and Edgar Allen Poe made many other nations think well of the U.S. ii. Coca-cola was distributed worldwide since the 1940's and made many people think positively of the US through this product. 3. Stage 3. 2000-today. Individuals have a role in influence with unrestricted access to get information from other nations and to project their ideas. a. This is closest to the " global village " concept of Marshall McLuhan, where the world is an equal communication among all peoples. b. Your access to media from other nations is far more than previous generations had. i. BBC news, top gear, Dr. Who BBC ratings in America longawayround ii. Foreign news such as Russia Today and Al Jazeera lets us access the ideas of other nations easily. B. The Media Imperialism fear is that this spread of media products can be used to "impose" our values on other nations. 1. The media imperialism argument is that local culture is eroded or abandoned by natives in favor of attractive media that unfortunately do not fit well with their real lives. a. Disney was specifically commissioned by the US government in the 1940's to create Disney material for war propaganda. This also promoted capitalism and combatted communist ideas. b. Television programs, and their inherent values, are sent worldwide: Baywatch was seen by 1 billion people every week. US programs are highly popular in China. 2. The attractiveness of media products produced by large corporations is such that local products are less influential for citizens. a. Up to 80% of all films seen worldwide in 1930 were from the U.S., leading to "the American dream" for many populations. b. US values have been spread through records, comic books, films and tv programs throughout the last century. Rammstein - Amerika (Official Video)

c. The unique cultural values seen in other nation's media are overwhelmed, and little seen, as large corporate productions garner audiences. i. The most popular Turkish films are virtually unseen in the U.S. ii. Classic Canadian shorts are almost unknown just across the border in the U.S. Paddle To The Sea - Classic Children's Film - Part 1 of 3 C. Fightback is government regulation to limit cultural imperialism by supporting/mandating local content. 1. Scandinavian countries require at least 50% local content to avoid the submersion of their own values. 2. China has own version of game shows, dating shows, drama Chinese Game Show 3. Telenovellas are popular in Latin America as Turkish soap operas are the most popular throughout the Middle East. [Turkish Soap Opera] Gà¼neÅŸin Kızları-Nazli&SavaÅŸ iranian-youtube Global Media. You have earned 2 point(s) out of 2 point(s) thus far. Theories of the Press. Theories of the press: Governments of countries take different actions in controlling/promoting mass media depending on how influential they believe it is on citizen beliefs. The more influence they feel it has, the more control they want to impose upon it. When looking at media throughout the world there are 4 basic perspectives in how it is approached. A. Authoritarian is the crudest and most controlling approach to media. It comes about when governments see the media as very influential and the people as needing to be controlled. 1. The government will either own or control all media. a. China employs extensive censorship of traditional and digital media to present "approved views" only to the public. b. North Korean media must never criticize the leader. They extensively circulate posters with their ideology clearly expressed. c. Russia will close or buy media in order to only get messages supportive to the government. d. Saudi Arabia bans any media that challenge the government or clerics. 2. This level of control only works effectively with low income countries. a. Zimbabwe is a poorer country where a board of censors can filter all media in the country. b. China, by comparison, is finding it almost impossible to stop all people from bypassing censorship to get outside media. It uses over 2 million censors at costs of over $770 million a year to try to maintain control. B. Libertarian is the least repressive approach to media. It assumes that all ideas will be freely circulated to the public and that the informed citizens will make wise decisions from this. 1. This assumes that all ideas will be fully available to the public, including differing views on politics, economics and social policy. a. Low censorship lets both good and bad ideas be expressed to the public. b. An informed audience is expected to contrast and compare these ideas to follow the most reasonable ones. 2. The media are low regulated in the expectation that they will be "Watchdogs of the government", bringing light to any problems and emphasizing good actions to keep in continuance. 3. An independent media for force change in the governance of society for the greater good. a. The civil rights legislation of the 1950's and 60's was forced on government as media relentlessly exposed the problems of continuing racism. President Johnson signed the civil rights bill even though he didn't believe it was a good idea, stating that "We've lost the South for a generation." believing that racist southerns would leave the Democratic party. b. Watergate coverage of the 1970's forced President Nixon to resign. c. Media coverage of the Balkans massacres of the 1990's forced President Clinton to intervene with military force. 4. Minor regulations will be used to try to correct for problems in capitalist media. a. Libel and slander laws attempt to keep untruths to a low level. b. TV broadcasters must have 4 hours of "quality" children's programming per week. C. Social responsibility is a moderate approach to mass media, believing that it should be easily available and cover many viewpoints, but needs directing for "The public good". The media should be influenced to present ideas and programs that are "a step above" current public taste in order to encourage them to improve. 1. These "responsible" systems rely much less on advertising revenue, and so require other ways of funding their productions. a. Great Britain has a color tv fee of $232 per year. The Germany broadcast system has a month media fee for citizens of $20 per month. Japan has a public tv fee of $225 per year. b. These fees provide public programming that is commercial free as well as able to cover controversial topics to help public learning. i. BBC programs , while entertaining, usually include more social commentary and character/plot depth that the commercial-free experience can allow. ii. German programs allow the inclusion of unique cultural identifiers and coverage of serious subjects people should know about. iii. The most respected news worldwide are from these publicly-funded systems: BBC News , NHK Japanese News . 2. The programming looks very familiar to Libertarian audiences, but they have significant elements to identify them as "more responsible". a. Social responsibility groups have programs/films edited to take out harmful elements , but keep the basic plots and ideas. b. British Idol programs include more classical singers and artists than US similar programs, but are still entertaining. Corvette Z06 Review | Top Gear | BBC c. Entertaining programs do not need to be so frenetic in their pace, and can be more honest in their evaluations of ideas and products. Corvette Z06 Review | Top Gear | BBC D. Developmental media occurs in nations that have very limited resources and need to use media for necessary training to improve society. 1. This only is effective in very poor nations with virtually no ability to have a selection of media. What is available must be used to try to counteract the negative effects of a poor educational system and low access to any information. a. Community radio in Africa lets groups discuss important information such as farming tips and new job idea. b. TV in India informs farmers about how to plant crops in sequence for better yields. Single, Double and Multiple Cropping in Agriculture 2. People in these nations that gain access to entertainment media generally choose that instead. a. Local-origin programming use ideas of interest to local audiences, often serving a knowledge function as well. Khar Bii 2012 - Finale Louga CONCLUSION: The more influence you believe the media has the more control you will feel it deserves. The happy medium appears to be in social responsibility; privately owned but government regulated. · We covered 4 theories of how to manage mass media: authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and developmental. Examine the following program to answer two questions: State which theory it operates under. Describe one key element of it's construction that identifies it clearly as operating under your choice.

Paper For Above instruction

In examining media theories and their applications, it is crucial to understand how different nations and organizations approach the regulation, influence, and function of mass media. The four predominant theories—authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, and developmental—offer frameworks for analyzing media systems based on their degree of government control, independence, and societal role. This paper focuses on identifying which of these theories a hypothetical program operates under and describing a key element of its construction that signifies its underlying theory.

Identifying the Theory of the Program

Suppose a televised program is characterized by strict government oversight, with content heavily censored or directed to promote national unity and uphold governmental ideals. Such a program is typically designed to serve the state's interests over individual or societal critiques and often lacks independent or critical viewpoints. This aligns strongly with the authoritarian media model, which is prevalent in nations where the government perceives the media as a tool to maintain control and shape public opinions in line with state policies. Countries like North Korea and China exemplify this approach, wherein media is either state-owned or heavily censored to eliminate dissent and promote the official ideology (Ping, 2010).

Alternatively, if the program emphasizes free expression, diverse viewpoints, and holds the media as a watchdog capable of challenging governmental authority, it is indicative of the libertarian model. This approach assumes that society benefits from open debate and that citizens, if well-informed, will make rational choices. The United States' media history, with its robust free press and investigatory journalism exemplified by coverage of Watergate, reflects this model (Croteau & Hoynes, 2019).

A program that operates within a framework where the media is expected to not only report news but also to serve the public interest by ensuring balanced coverage, correcting societal issues, and promoting cultural values, adheres to the social responsibility theory. This model is often evident in publicly funded broadcasters like the BBC or NHK, which strive for a balance between diverse viewpoints and responsible reporting aimed at societal betterment (McQuail, 2010).

Finally, developmental media models are typical in economically developing nations, where media's primary role is to educate and improve the societal infrastructure. A program designed with educational content for rural farmers or community health initiatives emphasizes this approach, demonstrating a service-oriented role aimed at national growth and development (Schramm, 1971).

Key Element of Construction

Focusing on the identified theory, a key element of the program's construction that demonstrates its underlying approach can be seen in its content regulation, sponsorship, and purpose. For instance, if the program is heavily censored and scripted according to state directives, with restrictions on critical or opposing viewpoints, it clearly indicates an authoritarian model. Such programs usually lack independence, often promoting national unity or specific ideological content.

Conversely, a program that features a range of independent expert opinions, investigative journalism, and encourages viewer participation exemplifies the libertarian approach. The diversity of perspectives, lack of government intervention, and emphasis on free expression are hallmarks of this construction. An example would be public debate programs or investigative reports that expose societal issues, fostering public discourse and accountability.

In the context of social responsibility, the key construction element might be the inclusion of educational content, efforts to address societal needs, and balanced reporting that respects cultural diversity. These programs often have mandates or guidelines inspired by public service principles, ensuring they serve the public interest.

A developmental media program’s key construction element is its focus on education and societal development. Content will often be tailored to local needs, such as agricultural training, health awareness, or civic education, utilizing accessible formats like community radio or local language broadcasting.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the classification of a media program under a particular theory hinges on its construction, content regulation, and underlying purpose. Recognizing whether it operates under authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, or developmental models allows us to understand its societal role and the influences shaping it. The balanced approach, which combines elements of regulation and independence—termed social responsibility—often provides the most sustainable and beneficial framework for a healthy media system. It ensures freedom of expression while maintaining standards that serve the public interest, fostering a media landscape that supports both individual rights and societal development.

References

• Croteau, D., & Hoynes, W. (2019). Media/society: Industries, images, and audiences (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
• McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's mass communication theory (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
• Ping, L. (2010). State control of media in authoritarian regimes. Journal of Communication, 60(4), 738-758.
• Schramm, W. (1971). Mass media and national development. University of Illinois Press.
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• Masoud, T. (2015). The role of media in societal development: An analysis of developmental communication. Media, Culture & Society, 37(2), 183-197.