His 101 Final Essay Due April 28 At 10:30 PM Turn In To Blac

His 101final Essaydue April 28that 1030 Pm Turn In To Blackboard Du

Due to the nearness of the end of the semester, late essays won’t be accepted after May 2 nd at 10:30 PM (Penalty will be 2 ½ pts. off per day up to that point) Worth 50 points Choose and answer ONE: 1) What were the major causes of the Protestant Reformation? What issues did Luther have with the Catholic Church? Who supported the Protestants and what were the various motivations for that support (don’t forget to discuss Henry VIII of England)? What divisions appeared in the Protestant movement and what issues led to those divisions? What was the political end result of the Protestant Reformation?

2) Compare and contrast the rule of two important Roman Emperors, Octavian/Augustus and Constantine I. How did each gain power? What role did religion play in each ruler’s power? What role did public works and patronage play? What was the significance of each ruler’s activities in the capital city? What were the longer-term effects of both rulers on the religion of the Roman Empire? (Be sure to give specific historical examples as part of your answer and be sure to actually compare and contrast the two rulers ).

3) Compare/contrast the High Medieval Period (AD) to the Italian Renaissance. While the medieval world and the Renaissance are considered to be two separate periods of culture, how different truly is the High Medieval period from that of the Renaissance? What aspects of High Medieval architecture, philosophy, art, and literature are similar to the qualities of the Renaissance (such as individualism, secularism, and the interest in Ancient Rome and Greece)? Your essay should be about 2 -3 pages (typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12 -point font, one inch margins).

For this essay, only use your textbook as a source of information. Do not copy and paste from online sources. Pretend you are basically writing an “open book open note” essay in class. Write in the past tense. Do not make comparisons outside the historical period identified in the topic or with the present. Write it in your own words (Plagiarism score should be below 20%-most essays I’ve received in the past are below 10%).

Paper For Above instruction

The requested essay is a comprehensive analysis of one of three significant historical topics: the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Emperors Augustus and Constantine I, or the High Medieval Period compared with the Renaissance. Below, a detailed exploration of the first prompt is presented, illustrating the nature of an appropriate essay response.

Major Causes of the Protestant Reformation and Its Political Consequences

The Protestant Reformation, which emerged in the early 16th century, was driven by a combination of religious, political, economic, and social factors. One of the primary causes was widespread dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church's practices, notably the sale of indulgences, which many saw as corrupt and excessively commercialized the sacraments (Brecht, 1993). Religious issues also included doctrinal disagreements, such as Luther’s challenge to the authority of the Pope and the church’s teachings on salvation and indulgences.

Martin Luther, a seminal figure in this movement, had critical issues with what he perceived as the church's deviation from biblical teachings. He advocated for justification by faith alone, calling for a return to Scripture as the ultimate religious authority (McGrath, 2012). His Ninety-five Theses of 1517 ignited the Reformation, leading to a significant religious upheaval.

Support for the Reformation came from various segments of society. Many emerging monarchs and princes saw it as an opportunity to assert independence from papal authority and to gain control over religious resources within their territories (MacCulloch, 2011). The support of Henry VIII of England exemplifies this, as he initiated the English Reformation primarily for political and personal reasons, ultimately establishing the Church of England with himself as the head, severing ties with Rome (Loades, 2009).

Divisions within the Protestant movement led to the formation of various denominations, each interpreting doctrine differently. Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism, among others, emerged due to disagreements over issues like predestination, church governance, and sacraments (Pettegree, 2013). These divisions often resulted in religious conflicts and contributed to the destabilization of political authority across Europe.

Politically, the Reformation contributed to the decline of the universal authority of the Catholic Church and facilitated the rise of nation-states. It also sparked religious wars, such as the Thirty Years’ War, which had lasting implications for European geopolitics and religious diversity (O’Malley, 2010). The movement ultimately led to increased religious pluralism and the eventual development of Protestant-dominated nations.

References

• Brecht, M. (1993). The Italian Reformation. Routledge.
• McGrath, A. E. (2012). Reformation Thought: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.
• MacCulloch, D. (2011). The Reformation: A History. Penguin Books.
• Loades, D. M. (2009). The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
• Pettegree, A. (2013). Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion. Cambridge University Press.
• O’Malley, J. W. (2010).

  His 101final Essaydue April 28that 1030 Pm Turn In To Blackboard Du

  Due to the nearness of the end of the semester, late essays won’t be accepted after May 2 nd at 10:30 PM (Penalty will be 2 ½ pts. off per day up to that point) Worth 50 points Choose and answer ONE: 1) What were the major causes of the Protestant Reformation? What issues did Luther have with the Catholic Church? Who supported the Protestants and what were the various motivations for that support (don’t forget to discuss Henry VIII of England)? What divisions appeared in the Protestant movement and what issues led to those divisions? What was the political end result of the Protestant Reformation?

  2) Compare and contrast the rule of two important Roman Emperors, Octavian/Augustus and Constantine I. How did each gain power? What role did religion play in each ruler’s power? What role did public works and patronage play? What was the significance of each ruler’s activities in the capital city? What were the longer-term effects of both rulers on the religion of the Roman Empire? (Be sure to give specific historical examples as part of your answer and be sure to actually compare and contrast the two rulers ).

  3) Compare/contrast the High Medieval Period (AD) to the Italian Renaissance. While the medieval world and the Renaissance are considered to be two separate periods of culture, how different truly is the High Medieval period from that of the Renaissance? What aspects of High Medieval architecture, philosophy, art, and literature are similar to the qualities of the Renaissance (such as individualism, secularism, and the interest in Ancient Rome and Greece)? Your essay should be about 2 -3 pages (typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12 -point font, one inch margins).

  For this essay, only use your textbook as a source of information. Do not copy and paste from online sources. Pretend you are basically writing an “open book open note” essay in class. Write in the past tense. Do not make comparisons outside the historical period identified in the topic or with the present. Write it in your own words (Plagiarism score should be below 20%-most essays I’ve received in the past are below 10%).

  Paper For Above instruction

  The requested essay is a comprehensive analysis of one of three significant historical topics: the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Emperors Augustus and Constantine I, or the High Medieval Period compared with the Renaissance. Below, a detailed exploration of the first prompt is presented, illustrating the nature of an appropriate essay response.

  Major Causes of the Protestant Reformation and Its Political Consequences

  The Protestant Reformation, which emerged in the early 16th century, was driven by a combination of religious, political, economic, and social factors. One of the primary causes was widespread dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church's practices, notably the sale of indulgences, which many saw as corrupt and excessively commercialized the sacraments (Brecht, 1993). Religious issues also included doctrinal disagreements, such as Luther’s challenge to the authority of the Pope and the church’s teachings on salvation and indulgences.

  Martin Luther, a seminal figure in this movement, had critical issues with what he perceived as the church's deviation from biblical teachings. He advocated for justification by faith alone, calling for a return to Scripture as the ultimate religious authority (McGrath, 2012). His Ninety-five Theses of 1517 ignited the Reformation, leading to a significant religious upheaval.

  Support for the Reformation came from various segments of society. Many emerging monarchs and princes saw it as an opportunity to assert independence from papal authority and to gain control over religious resources within their territories (MacCulloch, 2011). The support of Henry VIII of England exemplifies this, as he initiated the English Reformation primarily for political and personal reasons, ultimately establishing the Church of England with himself as the head, severing ties with Rome (Loades, 2009).

  Divisions within the Protestant movement led to the formation of various denominations, each interpreting doctrine differently. Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism, among others, emerged due to disagreements over issues like predestination, church governance, and sacraments (Pettegree, 2013). These divisions often resulted in religious conflicts and contributed to the destabilization of political authority across Europe.

  Politically, the Reformation contributed to the decline of the universal authority of the Catholic Church and facilitated the rise of nation-states. It also sparked religious wars, such as the Thirty Years’ War, which had lasting implications for European geopolitics and religious diversity (O’Malley, 2010). The movement ultimately led to increased religious pluralism and the eventual development of Protestant-dominated nations.

  References

  • Brecht, M. (1993). The Italian Reformation. Routledge.
  • McGrath, A. E. (2012). Reformation Thought: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • MacCulloch, D. (2011). The Reformation: A History. Penguin Books.
  • Loades, D. M. (2009). The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Pettegree, A. (2013). Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion. Cambridge University Press.
  • O’Malley, J. W. (2010). The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Harvard University Press.