How To Respond To Criminal Behavior

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 8 How to Respond to Criminal Behavior among the Youth

Criminal behavior has been a major area of focus for psychologists, especially considering the debate between nature and nurture influences. Both genetic makeup and environmental factors significantly influence an individual's propensity for criminality (Levine, 2003). The behaviors adopted by children and youth considerably impact societal safety and national security, and poor upbringing often contributes to negative behaviors later in life. This paper discusses research findings related to criminal justice and explores various approaches to responding to criminal behavior among the youth.

The transition from childhood to adulthood is a complex period marked by vulnerability and societal observation. Many youths acquire criminal tendencies during this phase, especially if they lack appropriate mentorship and support. Studies indicate that over 732 youths transition from out-of-home care to adulthood across major states, highlighting the importance of proper guidance during this critical period (Florez, 2008; Ashford, 2009). Youths who experience neglect, exposure to domestic violence, or lack supervision are more prone to engaging in criminal activities. Proper handling of this transitional phase, including providing resources and counseling, is vital to prevent long-term criminal behavior.

Various causes contribute to criminal behavior among young people. Exposure to violence, either directly or through environment, is especially significant. Children aged 12-16 are more frequently victims of violence and homicide is the third leading cause of death among individuals aged 15-25. Adolescents are more vulnerable to sexual assault, victimization, and robbery, often perpetrated by those within their social circle (Friedmann, 2010). Their environments often include family, school, peer groups, and community. Family neglect, domestic violence, and physical punishment are prominent risk factors; similarly, schools with discrimination, suspensions, and expulsions can foster negative attitudes towards authority. Peer influence is a powerful risk factor as antisocial peer groups often sway youth to criminal behaviors, especially if their familial and school environments are weak.

The community environment also significantly impacts youth behavior. Many young people live in poverty-stricken neighborhoods with high crime rates, easy access to drugs, and availability of firearms. Social bonds and community engagement are crucial in shaping positive youth development and reducing criminal tendencies. When communities foster protective factors, such as mentorship programs, opportunities for creative engagement, and social cohesion, they can mitigate the influence of risk factors (Farrar & Montgomery, 2015).

Prevention strategies emphasize collaboration between schools, families, and communities. Schools can implement evidence-based violence prevention programs, mental health screenings, and inclusive school climates that promote belonging among students, regardless of gender, race, or socioeconomic background (Sullivan, 2010). Families should foster safe, nurturing, and responsible home environments, with parents serving as role models who discourage exposure to violent media and substance abuse. Support for families facing violence and other social issues is also essential, alongside community efforts to reinforce prosocial norms and reduce access to firearms and drugs (Jonnes, 2011).

Community-based approaches involve mentoring youth, creating opportunities for healthy social interactions, and engaging young people in community development. These measures provide a sense of belonging, purpose, and positive identity, reducing the likelihood of criminal engagement. Community organizations can also advocate for systemic changes that address social inequalities, promote peaceful coexistence, and improve living conditions, including housing and employment opportunities (Sarah, 2005).

At the governmental level, responsibility lies with local and state agencies to implement effective juvenile justice policies and correctional programs. Emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment is vital for addressing juvenile offending, as young offenders are still developing morally and psychologically (Farrar, 2015). Investment in correctional facilities, educational programs, and moral development initiatives can help redirect youth from criminal pathways and foster responsible citizenship (Zimring, 2011). The government must also address broader social issues such as poverty, racism, and lack of access to quality health care, which contribute to youth criminality.

In conclusion, criminal behavior among youth is influenced by complex interactions between genetic, environmental, familial, peer, and societal factors. While existing research offers insights into causes and prevention, gaps remain in understanding the localized and culturally specific influences on youth crime. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of community-specific interventions and the impact of social policies on juvenile recidivism. Additionally, questions persist regarding how different youth subpopulations respond to various prevention strategies, highlighting the importance of tailored approaches for diverse communities.

References

• Levine, B. (Ed.). (2003). Principles of forensic toxicology. Amer. Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry.
• Arboleda-Florez, J. (2008). Understanding causal paths between mental illness and violence. Cambridge University Press.
• Ashford, J. (2009). Offense comparisons between mentally disordered and non-mentally disordered inmates. Canadian Journal of Criminology.
• Friedmann, L. (2010). Crime and Punishment in American History. Cengage Learning.
• Sullivan, R. (2010). Crimes in American History. Wiley.
• Jonnes, M. (2011). History of Criminal Justice. CRC Press.
• Farrar, M. J., & Montgomery, D. (2015). Cognitive development of children: Research and application. Routledge.
• Sarah, M., Ron, H., & Elisabeth, D. (2005). The Future of Children: Marriage and Child Well Being. Brookings Institution.
• Zimring, E. (2011). The City that became safe: New York’s lessons for Urban Crime and its Control. Oxford University Press.
• Author, A. (Year). Title of relevant recent study. Journal/Publisher.