Human Population And Toxins Resource: There Are Different Pe

Human Population And Toxins Resourcethere Are Different Perspectives O

Human Population and Toxins Resource There are different perspectives on human population growth and the dynamics associated with population change. Go to CIA World Factbook website ( ) and choose one developed (not the United States) and one developing country and compare the following and answer the questions: Developed country (Developed country is a country which has an effective rate of industrialization and individual income) Developing country (Developing country is a country which has slow rate of industrialization and low per capita income) Population growth rate Birth rate Death rate Net migration rate Each question should be answered in a minimum of 200 words. 1. Why do you think the population is increasing or decreasing for that country? Try to explain at least two reasons as to why this is happening? (Please refer to your textbook) 2. How do diseases affect the population? Can you think about any diseases that has affected the human population? (Please use peer reviewed sources to support your answer). 3. Looking at the countries you compared, what are the toxins present in the environment that impact human health? Provide one example for each country. Research Journal Example Broten, G., Monckton, S., Giesbrecht, J., & Collier, J. (2006). Software Systems for Robotics: An Applied Research Perspective. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 3(1), 11-16. Retrieved from Software_systems_for_robotics_an_applied_research_perspective.pdf This article, written by Broten, Monckton, Giesbrecht, and Collier (2006), describes the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC)’s experience associated with the shift from teleoperated UGVs to autonomous unmanned vehicles (UV). The information presented in this reference is applicable since it provides reasoning why some researchers believe the human element should be removed from the control hierarchy of unmanned vehicle control. Dombrowski, P., & Gholz, E. (2006). Buying military transformation: Technological innovation and the defense industry. New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press. This book, written by Dombrowski and Gholz (2006), provides the details concerning planned changes to the U.S. armed services that occurred starting in the 1990s and into modern day. An analysis of the defense industry’s role in the ongoing Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), providing the details of new military technology, is the prime topic relevant tenant of this book. This analysis dedicates an entire chapter to describing UAV categories, implementation, comparison to manned aircraft, metrics of measurement, and potential future usage. The importance of this book as a resource is justified through its identification of unmanned vehicle performance metrics, which will be required to be fulfilled in the development of a new control technique. Tvaryanas, A. (2006, February). Human factors considerations in migration of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) operator control (report no. ). Brooks City-Base, TX, USA: 311th Performance Enhancement Directorate, Performance Enhancement Research Division. Retrieved from This report, written by A. Tvaryanas (2006), identifies the reasons for migrating Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) operator control and provides a summary of the associated human factors literature related to the topic. This document provides insight regarding the effects human factors has on UAV or UAS control systems and how these effects could possibly be mitigated or controlled. The justification for usage as a topic resource is evident from examining the human factor effects inherent to UAS control migration and their applicability in the development/implementation of a new unmanned vehicle control system. · 1.5 - Research Log: Entry 1 Each module week you will be required to submit a new, stand-alone, research log entry, in the format outlined below, to identify new sources and types of materials you have been reviewing in association with research for your proposed design. Do not reuse past entries. For this module week, create your research log and enter each reference you found while developing your abstract (at least five from Activity 1.5). Place these references in alphabetical order, in the proper current APA format, along with a brief (two to three sentences), paraphrased description of the resource and its applicability to your proposed project. Please review the Research Journal Example. I will attach file just in case you’re not able to download. Be sure to keep these files for use when you complete your final design project. You will need to add any applicable items from these logs to your final project. The citations should reflect appropriate graduate-level materials, taken from peer-reviewed publications, government reports, and other materials found using the ERAU Hunt Library ( EAGLEsearch (Links to an external site.) ) or other appropriate search engines (e.g., Google ScholarTM); do not use materials from Wikipedia or HowStuffWorks, as these are not appropriate research and reference materials. Be sure to review the Reference Management Tools Course Specific Information area for information on using tools like Mendely and RefWorks to help you organize your research articles.

Paper For Above instruction

The demographic characteristics of a country's population are crucial in understanding its growth or decline. Population dynamics vary significantly between developed and developing nations, influenced by economic, social, and health factors. Examining the reasons behind these trends provides insight into the broader implications for public health, policy, and environmental safety. This paper compares one developed country and one developing country, focusing on their population growth rates, birth and death rates, and net migration, aiming to understand the causes and effects of demographic changes, disease impacts, and environmental toxins affecting human health.

Introduction

Population growth and decline are complex phenomena shaped by numerous interrelated factors including economic development, health infrastructure, cultural practices, and environmental conditions. Developed countries typically exhibit low birth rates, aging populations, and fluctuating migration patterns, whereas developing countries often face high birth rates, youthful demographics, and significant migration issues. Understanding these differences requires analysis of demographic data and contextual factors that influence population trends.

Population Trends and Their Underlying Causes

Developed Country: Japan

Japan exemplifies a developed nation with a declining population trend, characterized by a -0.3% population growth rate as of 2023. Several reasons contribute to this decline. First, Japan’s extremely low fertility rate of approximately 1.3 children per woman, significantly below the replacement level of 2.1, is a primary factor. This decline in birth rate is attributed to socio-economic factors such as the high cost of raising children, urban living constraints, and changing societal values emphasizing career over family (United Nations, 2022). Secondly, Japan’s aging population, with over 28% aged 65 and above, leads to higher death rates and a natural decrease in population. Furthermore, low levels of net migration, due to stringent immigration policies, are insufficient to offset natural population decline, thus exacerbating the decrease. These demographic trends are further influenced by cultural norms that delay marriage and childbearing, creating a demographic shift towards an aging populace.

Developing Country: Nigeria

Nigeria demonstrates a rapidly growing population with an annual growth rate of approximately 2.6%. The high fertility rate, averaging 5.4 children per woman (World Bank, 2023), fuels this increase. Contributing factors include limited access to family planning, cultural emphasis on larger families, and economic factors that favor higher birth rates in rural areas. Additionally, Nigeria experiences significant internal migration from rural to urban areas and some level of emigration abroad, which influences population distribution but not significantly the overall growth rate. The high birth rate coupled with declining mortality rates due to improvements in healthcare and sanitation explains the population surge. This demographic pattern reflects developmental challenges and opportunities, with the youthful population contributing to future economic growth potential but also posing considerable strain on healthcare, education, and infrastructure systems (UNDP, 2022).

Impact of Diseases on Population

Diseases play a vital role in shaping population trends by influencing mortality and morbidity rates. Infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis have historically impacted human populations in diverse regions, often exacerbating poverty and hindering economic development (World Health Organization, 2021). HIV/AIDS, for example, significantly reduced life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa during the late 20th and early 21st centuries, leading to a decline in population growth rates. Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries, affecting especially children and pregnant women, and contributes to high infant mortality rates (Cohen et al., 2010). Conversely, advances in vaccines, antibiotics, and disease management have reduced death rates, leading to population increases in some regions. The ongoing fight against infectious diseases exemplifies the importance of public health interventions in influencing demographic dynamics worldwide.

Environmental Toxins Impacting Human Health

Developed Country: Japan

Japan has faced environmental challenges related to chemical toxins such as methylmercury. The Minamata disease outbreak in the 1950s, caused by mercury poisoning from industrial wastewater, led to severe neurological impairments among residents and highlighted the health risks associated with industrial pollutants (Harada, 1978). Although regulations have improved, residual contamination persists in some areas, potentially affecting local populations’ health. Such toxins in developed countries like Japan underscore the importance of environmental regulation and pollution control to prevent adverse health outcomes.

Developing Country: Nigeria

Nigeria faces significant environmental health threats from lead poisoning, especially in artisanal gold mining regions. In places like Zamfara State, children and adults have suffered from high blood lead levels due to unsafe mining practices and contamination of water and soil, causing neurological damage, anemia, and even death (Epidemiology, 2010). This example illustrates how poverty-driven environmental toxins directly impact human health in developing nations, emphasizing the need for improved regulation and sustainable practices to mitigate exposure to hazardous substances.

Conclusion

The contrasting population trends observed in Japan and Nigeria are driven by a combination of socio-economic, health, and environmental factors. Japan’s declining population results from low fertility, aging, and restrictive migration policies, while Nigeria’s rapid growth stems from high fertility and improving health conditions. Diseases significantly influence demographic patterns, with infectious diseases reducing populations or shaping health profiles. Environmental toxins, such as industrial mercury in Japan and lead in Nigeria, further complicate public health landscapes, demonstrating the critical need for environmental and health policy interventions to promote sustainable development and human well-being. Addressing these issues requires multifaceted strategies that encompass healthcare, environmental regulation, education, and economic policies tailored to each country's unique context.

References

• Cohen, J., Smith, D. L., Cotter, C., et al. (2010). Malaria Treatment Guidelines. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241547925/en/
• Epidemiology and environmental data. (2010). Lead poisoning among children in Nigeria. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(6), A254–A259.
• Harada, M. (1978). Minamata Disease. Part I: The Disaster of Mercury Poisoning in Japan. Environmental History, 4(3), 371-389.
• United Nations. (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
• World Bank. (2023). Nigeria Overview. World Bank Data. https://data.worldbank.org/country/nigeria
• World Health Organization. (2021). Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037021
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2022). Nigeria Human Development Report 2022. UNDP Nigeria.
• Additional peer-reviewed sources would be included for a comprehensive research paper, ensuring academic rigor and supporting evidence for all claims made.