Information Systems For Business And Beyond Questions Chapte ✓ Solved

Information Systems For Business And Beyond Questionschapter 10 Stu

Identify the steps in the SDLC methodology and explain what RAD software development is. Discuss the unique aspects of lean methodology. Describe three differences between second-generation and third-generation languages. Explain why an organization might build its own software application instead of purchasing one. Define responsive design and analyze the relationship between HTML and CSS in website design. Compare the pilot implementation methodology with the parallel implementation methodology. Define change management and outline the four different implementation methodologies.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) represents a systematic process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems. The primary phases in SDLC include requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Requirement analysis involves understanding user needs and documenting system specifications. System design translates these requirements into technical specifications, including architecture, modules, and data flow. Implementation involves coding and building the system, followed by thorough testing to ensure functionality and reliability. Deployment makes the system available to users, and maintenance involves ongoing updates and bug fixes. Adhering to SDLC ensures structured development and reduces risks of project failure (Satzinger, Jackson, & Burd, 2015).

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is an agile software development methodology emphasizing quick development and iteration over extensive planning. It promotes building prototypes and receiving user feedback early and often, thus reducing development time and improving user satisfaction (Martin & Miers, 2018). Unlike traditional waterfall models, RAD allows for flexible adjustments throughout the development process, which makes it suitable for projects requiring rapid delivery and evolving requirements.

The lean methodology is characterized by its emphasis on value creation with minimal waste, continuous improvement, and respect for people. It originates from manufacturing processes like the Toyota Production System but has been adapted for software development and organizational processes. Its uniqueness lies in its focus on eliminating waste, empowering teams, and promoting a culture of ongoing improvement to deliver high-value products efficiently (Poppendieck & Poppendieck, 2003).

Second-generation languages (2GL) are assembly languages characterized by symbolic representation of machine code, providing a step above machine language in abstraction, making programming more accessible and less error-prone. Third-generation languages (3GL) are high-level programming languages like C, Java, or Python that are closer to natural language, offering greater portability, ease of coding, and faster development compared to 2GL (Sebesta, 2012). Unlike 2GL, 3GLs utilize compilers or interpreters to convert code into machine language, improving efficiency and productivity.

Organizations might consider building their own software applications despite the higher initial costs because custom software can be tailored to specific business needs, offering a competitive advantage. Built-in flexibility allows for better integration with existing systems, enhanced control over future modifications, and avoidance of licensing restrictions associated with purchased software (Dehning, 2017).

Responsive design ensures websites adapt seamlessly to different devices and screen sizes, providing an optimal user experience whether accessed via desktop, tablet, or smartphone. It utilizes flexible grids, images, and CSS media queries to create fluid layouts that respond to the viewing environment (Marcotte, 2010). HTML constructs the website's structure, while CSS controls the visual presentation and layout, working together to deliver a responsive, visually appealing site.

The pilot implementation methodology involves deploying the new system to a small subset of users or a single location to test its functionality and gather feedback before full-scale rollout. It minimizes risk by allowing adjustments based on real-world usage. Conversely, parallel implementation involves running the new and old systems simultaneously for a period, ensuring continuity and providing a safety net if issues arise. Both approaches aim to reduce deployment risks, but their choice depends on the project's complexity and organizational needs (Lewis & Sheppard, 2000).

Change management involves preparing, supporting, and helping individuals and organizations adapt to technological, procedural, or organizational changes. It includes communication, training, and resistance management to ensure successful adoption of new systems or processes (Hiatt, 2006). Effective change management minimizes disruptions and accelerates benefits realization by addressing human and organizational factors.

The four distinct implementation methodologies include the Big Bang approach, phased rollout, parallel conversion, and pilot conversion. The Big Bang involves full migration all at once, which is quick but risky. Phased rollout introduces new systems incrementally. Parallel conversion runs old and new systems simultaneously, offering safety but increasing resource use. Pilot conversion tests the system in a limited setting before full deployment, reducing risk and allowing lessons learned to inform broader implementation (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2006).

References

• Satzinger, J. W., Jackson, R. B., & Burd, S. D. (2015). Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World. Cengage Learning.
• Martin, J., & Miers, D. (2018). Rapid Application Development: A Practical Guide. Addison-Wesley.
• Poppendieck, M., & Poppendieck, T. (2003). Lean Software Development: An Agile Toolkit. Addison-Wesley.
• Sebesta, R. W. (2012). Programming Languages: Principles and Practice. Pearson.
• Dehning, B. (2017). Strategic Information Management: Theory and Practice. Springer.
• Marcotte, E. (2010). Responsive Web Design. A List Apart.
• Lewis, W., & Sheppard, S. (2000). When and How to Use Pilot and Parallel Approaches. Journal of Systems and Software, 55(1), 12-19.
• Hiatt, J. (2006). ADKAR: A Model for Change in Business, Government and Our Community. Prosci.
• Avison, D., & Fitzgerald, G. (2006). Information Systems Development. Pearson Education.