Introduce And Discuss 3 Theories Of Development And T 154468 ✓ Solved

Introduce And Discuss 3 Theories Of Development And Then Demonstrate Y

Introduce and discuss 3 theories of development and then demonstrate your understanding by applying each of these theories to Haysem’s case study. Haysem: Gender: Male Age: 5 years old Ethnicity: African American. The family immigrated from Somalia shortly before Haysem was born. Grade: Kindergarten Guardians: Mother and father married. (The maternal grandmother and an aunt live in the Haysem's home.) Socioeconomic: Less than $30,000 a year Religion: Muslim Home Life: Haysem lives with three older siblings, his parents, and several extended family members. The family is struggling financially but is getting by with the help of close-knit family members and the local Somali immigrant community. Although overwhelmed by her family obligations, Haysem's mother has been diligent about getting early intervention treatment for her son. Diagnosis: Haysem was diagnosed with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) at age three by a pediatrician. From an early age, Haysem's mother noticed that he communicated differently than their older children. He rarely responded to his name, made eye contact, or smiled, and at age two he was not speaking. Since there is a high rate of autism among Somalian children, Haysem's mother suspected autism and was able to find a social service agency to help him. Description of Behavior: Haysem has difficulty communicating with his peers and teachers and usually fails to respond when someone speaks to him. He does not initiate conversation and rarely makes eye contact. In the past few months, Haysem has started losing his temper frequently, sometimes in response to another child trying to communicate with him or touch him. In a typical episode, Haysem will remove objects from the vicinity and throw them angrily on the floor.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Understanding human development is fundamental in educational, psychological, and social contexts. Theories of development provide frameworks for comprehending how children grow, learn, and adapt to their environments. This paper discusses three prominent theories of development—Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory, and Albert Bandura’s social learning theory—and applies each to the case of Haysem, a five-year-old boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from a Somali immigrant family.

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory emphasizes the influence of social relationships and experiences in shaping personality and identity across eight stages of life. For a child like Haysem, who is at the early childhood stage (ages 3-6), the primary psychosocial conflict revolves around initiative versus guilt. During this period, children develop a sense of purpose through active engagement and exploration of their environment. In Haysem’s case, his communication difficulties and social withdrawal might hinder his ability to develop initiative, potentially leading to feelings of guilt or inferiority.

Applying Erikson’s theory to Haysem’s situation suggests that supportive social interactions, encouragement from caregivers, and early intervention are critical to fostering a sense of initiative. Given that Haysem responds differently than his peers and struggles with communication, targeted social skills training within a nurturing environment can help him overcome feelings of guilt or inadequacy, promoting healthier psychosocial development.

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

Piaget's theory describes cognitive development as a series of stages, with children actively constructing their understanding of the world. At five years old, children typically are in the preoperational stage, characterized by symbolic thinking, egocentrism, and limited understanding of others' perspectives. Haysem’s ASD diagnosis complicates this typical progression, as children with autism often exhibit delays or differences in cognitive development.

In Haysem’s case, his difficulties in communication and social engagement reflect challenges in symbolic thought and perspective-taking. Interventions that focus on enhancing object permanence, symbolic play, and language skills align with Piaget’s emphasis on active learning. Structured activities that encourage imitation and sensory integration can support cognitive growth, even within the unique developmental trajectory of a child with ASD.

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

Bandura’s social learning theory underscores the importance of modeling, imitation, and reinforcement in learning behavior. Children learn by observing others and imitating behaviors, especially in social contexts. For Haysem, who exhibits temper tantrums and difficulty with peer interactions, modeling appropriate social and emotional responses is vital.

Applying Bandura’s theory involves creating environments where positive behaviors are demonstrated and reinforced. Caregivers and teachers can model effective communication strategies, patience, and emotional regulation. For instance, demonstrating calm responses to frustration and praising instances of successful interaction can help Haysem learn adaptive behaviors. This approach emphasizes learning through observation and reinforcement, which is particularly effective for children with ASD who may have challenges with traditional instruction.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Erikson’s psychosocial theory, Piaget’s cognitive development theory, and Bandura’s social learning theory each offer valuable insights into understanding and supporting Haysem’s growth and development. Tailoring interventions that incorporate principles from these theories—such as fostering social initiative, supporting cognitive development, and modeling positive behaviors—can significantly improve outcomes for children with ASD. An integrated approach recognizing the interplay of social, cognitive, and behavioral factors is essential for effective support and development of children facing similar challenges.

References

• Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and Society. W. W. Norton & Company.
• Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. International Universities Press.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall.
• McLeod, S. (2018). Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. Simply Psychology.
• Wood, J. J. (2019). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 5(2), 73-85.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall.
• Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. Pearson.
• Johnson, C. N., & Smith, R. (2014). Autism and Social Skills Interventions: A Review. Autism Research and Treatment, 2014, 1-10.
• Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.