Learning Resources & Required Readings Bushnik T 2018 Health ✓ Solved

Learning Resourcesrequired Readingsbushnik T 2018 Health Adjusted

Review the following resources related to health-adjusted life expectancy, social determinants of health, and health disparities in Canada: Bushnik (2018) on health-adjusted life expectancy in Canada; Daibes & Sridharan (2014) on the history of Canadian global health initiatives; Hajizadeh et al. (2018) on socioeconomic inequalities among Indigenous peoples living off-reserve; Shokoohi et al. (2019) on social determinants and self-rated health status among women with and without HIV; the Government of Canada (2019) report from the Public Health Agency of Canada; Steensma et al. (2016) on depression and health-adjusted life expectancy; and the World Health Organization overview of Canada. Additionally, utilize the multimedia resources provided, including videos on global health and disease prevention, to enhance your understanding of health disparities and social determinants in Canada.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Health disparities and social determinants of health significantly impact the quality of life and health outcomes among different populations in Canada. As evidenced by recent research, understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective health policies and interventions aimed at reducing health inequities. This paper explores key themes from current literature and media resources concerning health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE), inequalities among Indigenous peoples, the social determinants influencing health status, and the broader context of global health initiatives in Canada.

One fundamental concept discussed extensively in the literature is health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). Bushnik (2018) highlights that HALE provides a measure of the average number of years a person can expect to live in full health, accounting for disease burden and disability levels. In the Canadian context, Bushnik's research indicates improvements in HALE over recent years but also underscores persistent disparities across regions and populations. Such disparities often reflect underlying socioeconomic inequalities, which are also examined by Hajizadeh et al. (2018). Their study reveals that Indigenous peoples living off-reserve experience significantly worse health outcomes, partly due to limited access to healthcare, social exclusion, and economic disadvantages. Addressing these disparities requires targeted policies that consider the social determinants impacting Indigenous health, including income, education, and housing.

The social determinants of health are factors that influence health outcomes beyond individual behavior and biological factors. Shokoohi et al. (2019) compare women with HIV to those without HIV, emphasizing how socioeconomic status, social support, and stigma influence health perceptions and self-rated health. Their findings demonstrate that social determinants such as socioeconomic position, housing stability, and access to healthcare services can exacerbate health disparities among vulnerable populations. These determinants are interconnected, affecting health at multiple levels. For example, poverty limits access to nutritious food, safe housing, and preventive services, thereby increasing vulnerability to health issues.

The development of global health initiatives in Canada illustrates the country's commitment to addressing health disparities at national and international levels. Daibes and Sridharan (2014) trace the history of Canadian global health efforts, noting how these initiatives aim to build capacity, improve health systems, and promote health equity worldwide. These efforts are complemented by domestic policies focused on reducing socioeconomic inequalities, as discussed by the Government of Canada (2019). Their report emphasizes preventive measures, surveillance, and health promotion strategies targeted at vulnerable groups, including Indigenous populations and marginalized communities.

In addition to policy and research, multimedia resources like the videos provided in this course complement theoretical knowledge with visual insights into health issues. For example, Stephen Bezruchka's presentation on "Health Status in Canada" underscores the importance of addressing social determinants and health inequities through policy change and community engagement. The video on global health and disease prevention contextualizes Canada's role in international efforts to combat infectious diseases and promote health equity worldwide. These multimedia tools reinforce the interconnectedness of local and global health challenges and highlight the importance of comprehensive strategies for health improvement.

In conclusion, the literature and media resources demonstrate that addressing health disparities in Canada requires a multifaceted approach rooted in understanding social determinants, reducing socioeconomic inequalities, and implementing culturally appropriate health interventions. Enhancing health-adjusted life expectancy among marginalized populations depends on policies that extend beyond healthcare access to broader socioeconomic reforms. Canada's ongoing efforts to promote health equity domestically and globally illustrate the importance of integrating social, economic, and health policies to achieve better health outcomes for all. Continued research and community engagement are essential for identifying persistent barriers and developing sustainable solutions to improve health and well-being across diverse populations.

References

  • Bushnik, T. (2018). Health-adjusted life expectancy in Canada. Health Reports, 29(4), 11-20.
  • Daibes, I., & Sridharan, S. (2014). Where theory and practice of global health intersect: The developmental history of a Canadian global health initiative. Global Health Action, 7(1), 23974.
  • Hajizadeh, M., Hu, M., Bombay, A., & Asada, Y. (2018). Socioeconomic inequalities in health among Indigenous peoples living off-reserve in Canada: Trends and determinants. Health Policy, 122(8), 854–865. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.011
  • Shokoohi, M., Bauer, G. R., Kaida, A., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Kazemi, M., Gagnier, B., & Team, O. B. of the C. R. (2019). Social determinants of health and self-rated health status: A comparison between women with HIV and women without HIV from the general population in Canada. PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0213927. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213927
  • Government of Canada. (2019, June 19). Public Health Agency of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/disease-epidemiology/canadian-health-institute.html
  • Steensma, C., Loukine, L., Orpana, H., Vachon, J., Mo, F., Boileau-Falardeau, M., Reid, C., & Choi, B. C. (2016). Describing the population health burden of depression: Health-adjusted life expectancy by depression status in Canada. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 36(10), 356–362.
  • World Health Organization. (n.d.). Canada. Retrieved July 4, 2019, from https://www.who.int/countries/can/en/

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