Learning Theory: Skinner And Bandura - Parent Debate

Learning Theory Skinner And Bandura - Topic Debateare Parents Respo

Learning Theory: Skinner and Bandura - Topic Debate Are parents responsible for the personality development and subsequent behavior of their children? INCLUDEPICTURE " \d Debate Guidelines: The assigned Group A or B must provide a persuasive, informational argument. Post this argument to the thread below. Your argument may be a page of written text, a PowerPoint presentation, an online video, or any other creative way of conveying your information. The information you provide does not have to be lengthy as long as it contains relevant information and is expanded to clearly explain your position. You are required to utilize and correctly reference one (1) quality, academic source to support your position. You should use correct APA style in formatting your debate information. The Groups A or B assigned to the weekly debate must post their persuasive information by Thursday at midnight. Finally, everyone in the class should read the debates and post their own position. When responding to the debates, you just need to write whether you support the "yes" or "no" side of the debate with a sentence or two highlighting why you support that position (also due on Sunday by midnight). You do not have to agree with the side of the debate that you were assigned to represent. For complete information about the project, see the "Debate" thread in the Course Home. Topics Topic INCLUDEPICTURE " \dGroup A persuasive information (Friday)Group B persuasive information (Friday)Final Thoughts (Sunday) Group A persuasive information (Friday)Please carefully follow the guidelines to conduct the debate. In this page, The Group Amust post their persuasive information by Friday at midnight. Finally, everyone in the class should read the debates and post their own position. (due Sunday at midnight under final thoughts tab above). Debate Question: Are parents responsible for the personality development and subsequent behavior of their children?-----Group A: No; Group B: Yes Learning Theory: Skinner and Bandura - Group A - Discussion Group A - Week 5 group pageGroup A, you are assigned to the following side of topic debates in week 5. Debate topics: WeekDebate TopicSideWeek 5Are parents responsible for the personality development and subsequent behavior of their children?NoThis page is available to your group members and the instructor. The other group cannot see anything here. Please coordinate all your thoughts here as a group to compose ONE persuasive information (Friday). One of your group members will post the information in the weekly Topic Debate before the due date! Your participation in the group page is required and your scores on Topic Debate depends on your contribution in the group page. Learning Theory: Skinner and Bandura - Mastery 5 Question 1. 1. During World War II, Skinner (Points : 1) served in the Naval Air Force as a fighter pilot. trained pigeons to pilot missiles into enemy targets. worked in a VA hospital as a psychotherapist. made an unsuccessful attempt to become a U.S. senator. Question 2. 2. Which of the following is NOT a principal characteristic of science, according to Skinner? (Points : 1) Science explains behavior. Science values empirical observation. Science is cumulative. Science is a search for order and lawful relationships. Question 3. 3. With what schedule of reinforcement is an organism reinforced for the first response following a designated period of time? (Points : 1) continuous fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-interval Question 4. 4. Elms believes that Skinner's midlife crisis ended with (Points : 1) the death of his father. his marriage. his writing of Walden Two. his election to the U.S. Senate. Question 5. 5. Skinner accepted the concept of unconscious (Points : 1) mental processes. cognition. conflicts. behavior. motivation. Question 6. 6. In modeling, Bandura claims people are most likely to attend to (Points : 1) children. attractive models. people of lower social status. All of these are correct. Question 7. 7. In order for observational learning to lead to new response patterns, Bandura claims that those patterns must be (Points : 1) symbolically represented in memory. physically enacted immediately. followed by reinforcement on a continuous schedule. attended to in an accurate and unbiased manner. Question 8. 8. With regard to learning, Bandura believes that (Points : 1) reinforcement does not facilitate learning. reinforcement is essential to learning. performance is the basic datum of psychological science. learning can occur in the absence of a response. Question 9. 9. A government official who sanctions spying on and brutal physical harassment of legitimate, nonviolent demonstrators because "they are a threat to national security" is using Bandura's disengagement technique of (Points : 1) moral justification. palliative comparison. rationalization. personal attribution. Question 10. 10. Harrison, a professional photographer, is dissatisfied with his latest work, judging several pictures as substandard by his own criteria. Bandura would say that Harrison will probably (Points : 1) learn to live with substandard performance. reward himself for his substandard performance. withhold reward for substandard performance. become psychologically disturbed. Learning Theory: Skinner and Bandura - Review 5 Question 1. 1. The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories. The discipline that deals with these factors is called (Points : 1) personology. psychology. sociology. the psychology of science. psychobiology. Question 2. 2. A taxonomy is best defined as (Points : 1) an educated guess. a set of if-then statements. the study of the nature of reality. a classification system. Question 3. 3. According to the authors of the text, personality theories (Points : 1) are former principles that have been proven true. originate from the historical, social, and psychological world of their originators. are useful tools of science to the extent that they are value free. should not be open to falsification. Question 4. 4. Which statement is most nearly true? (Points : 1) A theory can be a practical guide for a psychotherapist. Theory and practice are mutually exclusive. Other things being equal, the more complex a theory. the better. A good theory gives opposing answers to a single question. Question 5. 5. According to Freud, ideas that slip in and out of awareness with greater or lesser degrees of ease are (Points : 1) unconscious. preconscious. conscious. repressed. censored. Question 6. 6. In psychoanalytic theory, anxiety (Points : 1) is produced within, and experienced by, the superego. can mean an impulse threatens to become conscious. is produced by repression. none of these is correct. all of these are correct. Question 7. 7. An example of Freud's notion of projection might be (Points : 1) "Things will be better tomorrow." "The only reason I failed is because I had a headache." "I like him fine, but for some reason he hates me." "I didn't really want that job anyway." Question 8. 8. Freud hypothesized that a permissive, accepting attitude of parents during toilet training is likely to lead to which behaviors as the child grows to adulthood? (Points : 1) generosity and benevolence. stubbornness, compulsiveness, and miserliness. masochism and/or sadism. sexual dysfunction and aggression. Question 9. 9. Jared develops tension headaches while trying to meet a deadline at work. This tactic allows him to escape responsibility for meeting the deadline and to receive sympathy from his boss and coworkers. According to Adler, Jared's headaches are examples of (Points : 1) an organ dialect. an organ inferiority. an as-if illness. a fiction. Question 10. 10. One of Adler's strongest beliefs was in (Points : 1) equality of the sexes. his Jewish faith. his Protestant faith. the communist doctrine. Question 11. 11. Adler maintained that social interest is (Points : 1) inborn. acquired through experience. inborn, but brought to expression through experience. inborn in some people but acquired by others. Question 12. 12. According to Adler, _______ is the bond that holds society together. (Points : 1) fiction. the sex drive. a feeling of incompleteness. social interest. Question 13. 13. Freud's concept of phylogenetic endowment is similar to Jung's idea of (Points : 1) the ego. the self. the personal unconscious. archetypes. the collective unconscious. Question 14. 14. According to Jung, individuation, or self-realization, (Points : 1) is a common occurrence among young people. requires inflating the ego. involves replacing the ego with the self. develops one function exclusively. Question 15. 15. According to Jung, the shadow (Points : 1) is the archetype of darkness and repression. springs from the personal conscious. represents humanity's search for transcendence. All of these are correct. Question 16. 16. Because Jung was ______, Freud groomed him to be his successor. (Points : 1) Jewish. unmarried. Viennese. a lawyer. None of these is correct. Question 17. 17. Horney believed that children develop __________ as a reaction to unfilled needs for love and affection. (Points : 1) basic hostility to their parents. codependence with their parents. independence from their parents. an Oedipus complex. Question 18. 18. Horney was most critical of Freud's (Points : 1) research methods. observations. interpretations. lack of scientific data. honesty of interpretation. Question 19. 19. Tami is proud of her intellectual skills and abilities, and she is pleased when others notice and admire her superior intelligence. These characteristics reflect Horney's neurotic need for (Points : 1) power. affection and approval. independence. prestige. personal admiration. Question 20. 20. Horney believed that people are (Points : 1) innately healthy. innately neurotic. born with a potential for psychological health, but that this potential must be developed in a warm and loving atmosphere. born with the potential for psychological health, but that this potential must be developed in an atmosphere of competition. Question 21. 21. Fromm's concept of humanity includes the notion that (Points : 1) people are basically evil. people are the freaks of nature. most people achieve positive freedom. personality is shaped largely by experiences during childhood and preadolescence. Question 22. 22. Fromm held that our culture's current feelings of anxiety, isolation, and powerlessness stem from (Points : 1) the collective unconscious. the rise of capitalism. lack of religious values. basic human nature. Question 23. 23. In Fromm's productive strategy of attaining rootedness, people (Points : 1) are weaned from the protective orbit of the mother or mother substitute. establish strong and lifelong ties with their mother or mother substitute. see their spouse as a new mother or mother substitute. crave the security of a mother or mother substitute. Question 24. 24. For Fromm, productive and caring creation reflects the need for (Points : 1) relatedness. transcendence. rootedness. love. a frame of orientation. Question 25. 25. The psychosocial crisis of young adulthood, according to Erikson, is (Points : 1) identity versus identity confusion. competence versus incompetence. intimacy versus isolation. generativity versus stagnation. Question 26. 26. The "informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself" is how Erikson defined (Points : 1) mistrust. detachment. wisdom. despair. isolation. Question 27. 27. Erikson claimed that a child who learns to do a job well during the school age will develop a sense of (Points : 1) will. purpose. inferiority. industry. autonomy. Question 28. 28. Freud's anal stage of development has a parallel in Erikson's ______ stage. (Points : 1) infancy. toddler. early childhood. phallic. mastery. Question 29. 29. Skinner believed that passive resistance is most likely to be used (Points : 1) before the strategy of escape. prior to revolt. in conjunction with physical restraint. after escape and revolt have failed. as a form of negative reinforcement. Question 30. 30. Which of these would NOT be considered by Skinner to be a generalized reinforcer? (Points : 1) affection. approval. money. attention. food. Question 31. 31. Skinner believed that the most useful data for predicting and controlling behavior are (Points : 1) people's psychological components. people's constitutions. people's conscious perceptions. people's personal histories. Question 32. 32. For Skinner, an important distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning behavior is _______, whereas in operant conditioning behavior is ________. (Points : 1) generalized; discriminated. emitted; elicited. extinguished; generalized. recovered; discriminated. elicited; emitted. Question 33. 33. Bandura's treatment technique that involves the extinction of anxiety or fear through self- or therapist-induced relaxation is (Points : 1) overt modeling of behavior. vicarious modeling. systematic desensitization. enactive mastery. Question 34. 34. Bandura calls the capacity to exercise control over our lives (Points : 1) internal locus of control. free will. human agency. external locus of control. Question 35. 35. Unlike Skinner's behavioral analysis, Bandura's social cognitive theory (Points : 1) rejects the notion of goal-directed behavior. discounts the importance of reinforcement. recognizes the influence of chance encounters. downplays the effects of higher mental processes. Question 36. 36. Bandura discusses which two major types of learning? (Points : 1) observational and enactive. engaged and disengaged. instinctive and acquired. conscious and unconscious. skillful and unskillful.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The debate surrounding the role of parents in shaping their children’s personality and behavior is a longstanding topic in developmental psychology. Central to this discourse are the behavioral learning theories proposed by B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura, which provide contrasting perspectives on the extent of parental influence. This essay explores whether parents bear responsibility for their children's personality development, drawing upon Skinner's operant conditioning and Bandura's social cognitive theory, while integrating empirical evidence and scholarly perspectives.

Skinner's Behavioral Perspective and Parental Responsibility

According to B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning, behavior is primarily a function of its consequences. Skinner emphasized the importance of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior, where environmental stimuli—often provided within the family setting—are crucial determinants. Skinner argued that human behavior is learned through interactions with the environment and that parents, as primary socializers, play a significant role in providing reinforcement contingencies that influence the child's developing personality (Skinner, 1953).

For example, consistent reinforcement of good behaviors or punishment of undesirable ones by parents can cultivate certain traits and behavioral patterns. Skinner believed that individuals are passive recipients of their environment, and thus, parental interactions heavily influence personality traits. Nonetheless, Skinner also acknowledged that biological factors and external environmental influences are interconnected with reinforcement histories, complicating the notion of direct parental responsibility (Skinner, 1953).

Critics argue that Skinner’s perspective underestimates innate personality factors and cognitive processes, but its strength lies in emphasizing the environmental and parental contribution to behavior shaping.

Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and Observational Learning

Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory expands upon behavioral principles by emphasizing the role of observational learning, modeling, and self-regulation. Unlike Skinner, Bandura posits that children actively construct their personality through interacting with their environment, especially by observing and imitating significant models—including parents (Bandura, 1977). Observational learning suggests that parents influence personality development by serving as role models; children tend to imitate behaviors exhibited by parents, especially when these behaviors are reinforced socially.

Bandura emphasizes that attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation are critical for observational learning to affect personality traits (Bandura, 1977). Thus, parental responsibility extends beyond direct reinforcement to include the modeling of attitudes, values, and social behaviors. For instance, a parent's display of compassion or aggression can significantly influence the child's social repertoire (Bandura, 1977).

Furthermore, Bandura highlights that self-efficacy and personal agency influence how children interpret and respond to their environments, making parental influence dynamic and reciprocal rather than unidirectional (Bandura, 1986). This perspective suggests that while parents contribute substantially, they are part of a broader social context that shapes personality development.

Empirical Evidence and Broader Perspectives

Empirical research supports the influence of parental behavior on personality traits. For example, studies have shown that authoritative parenting correlates with higher levels of social competence and emotional regulation, while authoritarian styles are linked to aggression and dependency (Baumrind, 1991). These findings align with Bandura’s emphasis on modeling and reinforcement. Similarly, interventions based on Skinner’s principles, such as token economies and reinforcement schedules, have successfully modified maladaptive behaviors in children (Kazdin, 2000).

However, research also indicates genetic and biological factors profoundly influence personality. Twin studies reveal that traits like extraversion and neuroticism are heritable, implying that parental influence is significant but not solely deterministic (Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000). The complex interplay between genetics and environment suggests responsibility is shared rather than solely parental.

In addition, contemporary developmental theories recognize the child's active role in shaping their development through interactions with parents, peers, and the broader societal context (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). This view supports a multifaceted understanding of personality development where parental influence is critical but embedded within larger social systems.

Critical Analysis and Ethical Implications

Evaluating these theories reveals that parental responsibility in personality development is substantial yet not exclusive. Skinner’s emphasis on environmental contingencies underscores the importance of parent-driven reinforcement; however, it minimizes innate factors. Conversely, Bandura's perspective