Linear Circuit Analysis - Iieece 202 Spring 2020 Final Assig

Linear Circuit Analysis Iieece 202 Spring 2020final Assignmentstudent

Linear Circuit Analysis-II EE/CE-202-Spring 2020 Final Assignment Student name: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Student ID: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question (1) [40 points]: For the Circuit shown, given that ∂‘‰(∂‘¡) = 2∂‘¢(∂‘¡)∂‘‰, ∂¼(∂‘¡) = 2ï¤(∂‘¡)∂‘, ∂¼(∂¿1(0 ‡) = 2∂‘, ∂¼(∂¿2(0 ‡) = 4∂‘, ∂‘‰(¶)(0 ‡) = 0∂‘‰, R=12 Ω, L1=0.5H, L2=1H and C=1F do the following: a) [10 points] Draw the circuit in the S-domain including the initial conditions, show all the values and units on the circuit. b) [20 points] Find the voltage across the capacitor C, 𝑣₍C₎(s). c) [10 points] Why do we need to use S-domain in analyzing AC electrical circuits? Can we use phasor domain in analyzing AC electrical circuits? Explain why? Question (2) [30 points]: For the following circuit, given that R1=R2=2Ω, L1=0.2H, L2=2H, M=0.2H and C=1F. Do the following: a) [10 points] Draw the circuit in the S-domain, show all the values and units on the circuit. b) [10 points] Calculate the input impedance seen by the source in the S-domain. c) [10 points] Find the transfer function H(s) = 𝑣₍out₎(s) / 𝑣₍in₎(s). Question (3) [30 points]: For the following transformer circuit below, given that a=0.2, R1=2Ω and C1=0.2F and C2=2F. Do the following: a) [10 points] Calculate the input impedance seen by the source in the S-domain. b) [10 points] Given that 𝑣₍in₎(t) = 5cos(5t + 30°) 𝑣₍in₎, find the steady state response of the current signal 𝑖₍coil2₎(t). c) [10 points] Assume that we brought two coils which are not connected electrically. When an AC power supply is connected to coil one, a current is detected in the second coil. Explain in detail how we get that current in coil two without any source connected to it and how can we increase this current? Individual submission: Upload a scanned version of your hand-written answer to Moodle.

Paper For Above instruction

The analysis of electrical circuits, especially those involving reactive components like inductors and capacitors, is significantly enhanced by transitioning from the time domain to the s-domain, also known as the complex frequency domain. This transformation simplifies the differential equations governing circuit behavior into algebraic equations, allowing for more straightforward solutions. The s-domain approach is particularly valuable for analyzing transient responses, stability, and frequency-dependent behavior in complex circuits involving multiple energy-storage elements.

Part 1: S-Domain Representation and Initial Conditions

In the first problem, the circuit involves resistors, inductors, and capacitors, with specified initial conditions. Drawing the circuit in the s-domain requires replacing inductors with their impedance equivalents, \( Z_L = sL \), and capacitors with \( Z_C = 1/(sC) \). The initial conditions, such as initial current through inductors \( i_L(0^-) \) and initial voltage across capacitors \( v_C(0^-) \), are incorporated using equivalent circuit methods or initial-condition sources. For example, initial inductor current can be modeled as a voltage source in series with the inductor, and initial capacitor voltage as a current source in parallel with the capacitor.

Specifically, for the given inductor \( L_1=0.5\, \text{H} \), \( L_2=1\, \text{H} \), and capacitor \( C=1\, \text{F} \), their s-domain impedances are \( Z_{L1}=s \times 0.5 \), \( Z_{L2}=s \times 1 \), and \( Z_C=1/(s \times 1)=1/s \). Initial conditions are introduced by transforming the active initial state conditions into equivalent source representations or by using the method of initial conditions inherent in the s-domain circuit.

Part 2: Voltage across the Capacitor in the s-Domain

The voltage across the capacitor in the s-domain, \( v_C(s) \), can be found by applying Kirchhoff’s laws to the s-domain circuit. Using the impedance models, the circuit reduces to algebraic equations, allowing us to solve for \( v_C(s) \) directly. This approach involves writing node-voltage or mesh-current equations, solving for the unknowns, and applying inverse Laplace transforms to interpret the results in the time domain.

Part 3: Why Use the s-Domain and Phasor Domain in AC Analysis

The s-domain extends the capabilities of circuit analysis by encapsulating both transient and steady-state behaviors within a unified framework. It allows the analysis of systems with arbitrary initial conditions, energy storage, and damping effects, which are difficult to capture in the phasor domain alone. The phasor domain simplifies steady-state sinusoidal analysis by converting sinusoidal voltages and currents into complex numbers representing magnitude and phase, but it does not inherently incorporate initial conditions or transient responses.

Conversely, the s-domain (via Laplace transforms) captures both the transient (initial) and steady-state responses in a single algebraic formulation. Thus, while the phasor domain is highly efficient for analyzing purely sinusoidal steady states, the s-domain provides a comprehensive approach suitable for circuits with arbitrary initial conditions and transient phenomena.

Part 4: Impedance and Transfer Function Calculations

In the second and third problems, the circuits involve multiple resistors, inductors, capacitors, and transformers. Calculating input impedance involves replacing all reactive elements with their s-domain impedances and combining them appropriately, considering mutual inductance or coupling coefficients where applicable. The transfer function, which relates the output voltage to the input voltage, is derived by solving the algebraic equations obtained in the s-domain.

For the transformer circuit, the impedance looking into the primary can be calculated using the ideal transformer impedance transformation rule, considering the turns ratio \( a \). The steady-state response to a sinusoidal source involves substituting \( \omega = 5\, \text{rad/sec} \) into the transfer function and applying the magnitude-phase form to determine the current response in coil 2.

Part 5: Electromagnetic Induction and Mutual Coupling

The phenomenon where a changing current in one coil induces a current in another coil without a direct electrical connection is explained through electromagnetic induction, specifically mutual inductance. When an AC voltage causes current to fluctuate in coil one, the time-varying magnetic flux linked with coil two induces an electromotive force (EMF) according to Faraday's law. The magnitude of induced current in coil two depends on the mutual inductance \( M \), the rate of change of current in coil one, and the resistive elements in the secondary circuit. Increasing mutual inductance, reducing resistive losses, or increasing the flux linkage can amplify this induced current.

In conclusion, the s-domain analysis is indispensable for comprehensive circuit analysis, capturing both transient and steady-state behaviors, and facilitating calculations of impedances, transfer functions, and electromagnetic effects. Mastery of s-domain techniques enhances the engineer’s ability to design and analyze complex electrical systems, especially those involving energy storage, damping, and coupling phenomena.

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