Module 2 - M2 Assignment 2: Case Analysis - John

Module 2 - M2 Assignment 2 Assignment 2: Case Analysis: John Smith

Obtaining informed consent for services from clients is required of human services providers; however, it is not always an easy task. Clients typically grant consent by signing documents presented by the agency or the provider that, at minimum, explain the services that will be provided, the client rights, and information on the steps to rescind the consent. In situations where minors or individuals under some form of guardianship are the clients, it is necessary to obtain consent from the legal guardian or authority. However, there are times when obtaining informed consent is not as simple as asking for a signature from the client or guardian.

These situations require more thought by the human services providers with emphasis on balancing the client's right to consent with other factors that might influence treatment outcomes or decisions. In this assignment, you will review a case that illustrates the various facets of informed consent. The Case: Smith is a thirty-eight-year-old African American male referred for counseling by his mother to address recent incidents of aggression. Smith resides with his mother because he is not able to live on his own. Smith is unable to hold on to a job and has difficulty establishing and maintaining relationships with others.

He is open to counseling but thinks his mother is overreacting to his anger outbursts because she is old and does not understand him. Recently, there have been notable conflicts between them due to Smith's aggressive behaviors that were directed toward his mother.

Paper For Above instruction

As a mental health professional approaching this case, ensuring proper informed consent from Smith is essential, particularly given his age, mental health challenges, and living situation. The process begins with establishing a clear, respectful conversation with Smith to explore his understanding of the counseling services, his rights, and the potential benefits and risks involved. Since Smith is 38 years old, he legally qualifies as an adult, meaning that obtaining his consent directly is necessary, regardless of his living arrangement or mental health status. Nevertheless, special considerations must be taken to ensure that his consent is truly informed, meaningful, and voluntary.

The first step involves building rapport and trust with Smith to foster an environment where he feels comfortable discussing his concerns and understanding the nature of counseling. It is crucial to assess his cognitive capacity to comprehend the information about the counseling process, which may involve tailored explanations that account for any cognitive or emotional limitations stemming from his aggressive behaviors. The explanation should include details about the goals of therapy, confidentiality boundaries, the possibility of involving other parties (such as his mother), and the voluntary nature of participation.

Given the cultural context and possible cultural differences, it is vital to recognize and respect Smith’s cultural background, belief systems, and communication style. Cultural competence enhances understanding and helps avoid misunderstandings that could impede informed consent. Additionally, as part of the consent process, it may be beneficial to discuss with Smith whether involving his mother in therapy sessions could facilitate his treatment or whether he prefers to pursue individual counseling without her presence. Respect for his autonomy and preferences should guide this decision.

Regarding involving his mother, a careful ethical analysis is necessary. If Smith perceives that his mother's involvement could support his progress and improve safety—for instance, by addressing risks of harm to herself or others—then including her might be justified. However, this must be balanced against the potential for breach of confidentiality, the risk of creating a coercive environment, or undermining Smith’s autonomy if he prefers not to involve her. Informed consent should include a discussion where Smith’s views on family involvement are thoroughly explored, ensuring that participation is voluntary and aligned with his best interests.

Furthermore, considering Smith’s inability to live independently and the safety concerns that come with his aggressive behaviors, it is essential to evaluate the risk of harm. If there is an imminent risk of violence to his mother or others, ethical and legal responsibilities may necessitate involving relevant authorities or safeguarding measures, which could impact informed consent. Transparency about these situations and legal obligations is critical during the consent process to prevent misunderstandings.

In summary, obtaining informed consent from Smith entails a comprehensive process that respects his autonomy, cultural background, and unique circumstances. It requires clear communication, assessment of his understanding, and respect for his preferences regarding family involvement. A sensitive approach that considers ethical, legal, and cultural factors will facilitate a genuine and informed agreement to participate in counseling, laying the foundation for effective and respectful treatment.

References

• American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. American Counseling Association.
• Barnes, H. M. (2012). Informed consent: Ethical considerations in mental health research and practice. Journal of Clinical Ethics, 23(2), 96-101.
• Corey, G., Corey, M. S., & Callanan, P. (2014). Issues and ethics in the helping professions (9th ed.). Brooks/Cole.
• Frey, R., & Bowden, J. (2015). Ethics in mental health practice. SAGE Publications.
• Knapp, S. J., & McLellan, B. (2014). Cultural competence and ethical practice in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(2), 130-138.
• National Association of Social Workers. (2017). NASW Code of Ethics. NASW Press.
• Pollock, M. (2010). Ethical issues in mental health care. Routledge.
• Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
• Siegel, D. J. (2012). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. Guilford Press.
• VanderWaal, J., & Ferketich, S. (2016). Ethical considerations in informed consent. Nursing Ethics, 23(3), 319-330.