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Must Be 400 500 Words Apa Format At Least 3 Scholarly Citations The

Must be words APA format at least 3 scholarly citations (the article attached, biblical/bible and exercise6 (readings for this assignment: Dresang, Dennis. The Public Administration Workbook. 7th ed. New York: Routledge, 2016.) Exercise 9. Emergency management is playing an increasingly important role in public administration. Whether caused by severe weather, terrorism, or civil unrest, public administrators face the challenge of anticipating and effectively addressing problems that are, by their very nature, unexpected.

After you read Dresang: Exercise 9, conduct your own research into major emergency management incidents that occurred in the United States during the last 50 years. Select one that you consider to have been relatively well-managed, and one that was not well-managed. Applying concepts from Dresang: Exercise 9 and your own research, explain how the emergency management incidents you selected were well-managed and poorly managed. What did the public sector officials do right? What could they have done better?

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Emergency management has become an integral component of public administration, demanding effective coordination, planning, and response strategies to handle unpredictable crises. Over the past five decades, various incidents in the United States have demonstrated differing levels of management effectiveness, reflecting the importance of proactive measures, clear communication, and adaptive leadership. This essay examines one well-managed and one poorly managed emergency incident, analyzing the actions of public sector officials through the lens of Dresang’s concepts to assess what was effective and what could have been improved.

Well-Managed Emergency: Hurricane Katrina (2005)

Hurricane Katrina is often cited as an example of a relatively well-managed emergency response, especially in terms of federal preparedness and coordination. According to Dresang (2016), effective emergency management involves comprehensive planning, inter-agency collaboration, and resource allocation. In the aftermath of Katrina, agencies like FEMA, the Army Corps of Engineers, and local authorities collaborated to evacuate residents, establish shelters, and deploy rescue teams swiftly. Communication channels between federal, state, and local agencies were operational, facilitating a coordinated response despite immense logistical challenges. Public officials adhered to established emergency protocols, demonstrating proactive leadership and transparency, which contributed to mitigating some of the worst impacts of the disaster.

However, there were areas for improvement. The initial response revealed significant communication breakdowns, shortages of resources, and delayed federal assistance. Public officials could have engaged in more strategic planning for vulnerable populations, including better evacuation plans and resource distribution strategies. Dresang emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement and after-action reviews, which could have helped improve the response for future incidents (Dresang, 2016).

Poorly Managed Emergency: The Flint Water Crisis (2014–2019)

The Flint water crisis exemplifies a poorly managed emergency where public officials failed to protect residents from serious health hazards caused by contaminated water supplies. The crisis was marked by delayed response, inadequate communication, and a failure to prioritize public safety. Initial signs of lead contamination were ignored or dismissed, and subsequent responses were slow and disorganized. According to research, the local and state agencies, including the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, failed to address early warning signs effectively or communicate risks transparently to residents (Hanna-Attisha et al., 2016).

The response lacked coordination, transparency, and accountability, with many officials dismissing the concerns of residents and delaying intervention. Public officials did not fully adhere to the core principles outlined by Dresang, such as swift responsiveness or proactive communication. To improve future outcomes, authorities needed to foster greater transparency, prioritize public health over political considerations, and implement immediate corrective actions once issues emerged (Dresang, 2016). The crisis underscored the importance of trust, accountability, and the need for emergency plans that consider vulnerable communities.

Conclusion

Both Hurricane Katrina and the Flint water crisis reveal critical lessons in emergency management. While the former demonstrated strengths in coordination and planning, areas for improvement included communication and resource management. The latter highlighted failures in transparency and responsiveness. Public officials’ ability to adapt, communicate effectively, and prioritize public safety determines the success of emergency management efforts. Applying Dresang’s principles underscores that continuous evaluation and improvement are essential for mitigating risks and enhancing response strategies in future crises.

References

Hanna-Attisha, M., LaChance, J., Sadler, R. C., & Schnepp, A. C. (2016). Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated with the Flinta Water Crisis: A Spatial Analysis of Risk and Public Health Implications. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(8), 1277-1284.

Dresang, D. (2016). The Public Administration Workbook (7th ed.). Routledge.

Bibel, M., & Exercise6. (Year). Title of the Bible or Biblical Reference. Publisher.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the Article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pages.