New Folder Array Stack Class Package

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Implement an array-based stack class in Java that adheres to the StackADT interface. The class should include methods for pushing, popping, peeking, checking if empty, and providing a string representation of the stack. It should handle capacity expansion dynamically when the stack reaches its maximum size. Additionally, implement proper exception handling for attempts to pop or peek when the stack is empty, utilizing the EmptyCollectionException class. Include constructors for creating an empty stack with default or specified capacities.

Paper For Above instruction

Stacks are fundamental data structures in computer science, serving as a collection of elements that follow the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. Efficient implementation of stacks is crucial for various algorithms, including expression evaluation, parsing, and backtracking. This paper discusses the implementation of a dynamic, array-based stack in Java, adhering to the StackADT interface, including essential operations, capacity management, and exception handling.

The custom ArrayStack class provides a flexible, efficient way to manage a collection of objects in Java. It begins with a default capacity, which can be customized via constructor overloading. When the current capacity is exceeded, the stack dynamically expands its underlying array to accommodate additional elements. This capacity expansion is handled by the private method expandCapacity, which doubles the size of the array, ensuring minimal reallocations and efficient memory usage.

The core methods of the ArrayStack class include push, pop, peek, size, isEmpty, and toString. The push method adds an element to the top of the stack, expanding capacity as needed. The pop method removes and returns the element at the top, with exception handling to throw EmptyCollectionException if the stack is empty. The peek method returns the top element without removal, also throwing an exception if empty. The size method returns the current number of elements, and isEmpty checks if the stack contains any elements. Finally, toString offers a textual representation of the current state of the stack, aiding in debugging and visualization.

Exception handling is critical for robustness. The EmptyCollectionException class extends RuntimeException and provides meaningful messages when pop or peek operations are attempted on an empty stack. This approach aligns with Java’s runtime exception model and ensures that calling code can handle such error conditions gracefully.

The implementation is generically typed, allowing storage of any object type, increasing reusability. Array casting creates a generic array, which is type-safe in the context of Java. The top variable tracks the index position of the next available slot in the array, simplifying the push and pop logic.

In conclusion, the array-based stack implementation combines dynamic capacity management, comprehensive operation methods, and robust exception handling to produce a versatile data structure suitable for a wide range of applications in Java programming. Its design ensures efficiency, safety, and usability, embodying good software engineering principles.

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