Nr283 Pathophysiology Concept Process Assignment Guidelines ✓ Solved

Nr283 Pathophysiologyconcept Process Assignment Guidelines

Choose a pathophysiology concept that you have not previously completed an active learning template for, such as: pathophysiology, etiology, iatrogenic, exogenous, prevention, mortality, morbidity, manifestations, symptoms, communicable diseases, apoptosis, hyperplasia, ischemia, impaired gas exchange, impaired mobility, or impaired perfusion. Select a disease process from your current organ system study that you have not previously completed an active learning template for, such as pneumonia, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, colon cancer, renal failure, or arthritis.

Complete the top three boxes of the Assessment and Safety Concerns section of the template. Prepare to submit, present, or teach this concept. Additionally, complete as much of the Patient Centered Care area as possible based on research and collaboration with peers or faculty. Create a one-page analysis describing how the selected concept relates to the chosen disease process, including implications like how immobility affects the disease outcome, risk of complications, age-related effects, and other relevant factors.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

In this paper, I will explore the pathophysiology of ischemia and its relation to coronary artery disease (CAD). Ischemia, defined as inadequate blood supply to tissues, impairs oxygen and nutrient delivery, leading to cellular injury. In CAD, the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis results in decreased blood flow, culminating in myocardial ischemia.

The pathophysiological process begins with endothelial injury caused by factors like hypertension, smoking, or hyperlipidemia, which promote atheroma formation. As plaques develop, they narrow the arterial lumen, restricting blood flow. During increased cardiac demand, such as exercise or stress, the reduced perfusion cannot meet myocardial oxygen needs, leading to ischemic chest pain or angina. Persistent or severe ischemia can cause myocardial infarction—cell death due to prolonged oxygen deprivation—and subsequent scarring, impairing cardiac function.

The disease process significantly impacts patient outcomes, especially when considering risk factors like age, diabetes, or hypertension. Older adults with CAD are more vulnerable to ischemic episodes due to diminished vascular elasticity and comorbidities. The manifestation of ischemia includes symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Diagnostic tests like EKG, stress testing, and coronary angiography confirm the diagnosis.

The relationship between ischemia and CAD exemplifies how impaired perfusion leads to tissue injury and functional impairment. Understanding this connection underscores the importance of early detection and management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical interventions, to improve prognosis. Additionally, immobility can exacerbate cardiovascular risks by promoting venous stasis and thrombosis, further impairing perfusion. Hence, promoting mobility and cardiovascular health are crucial preventive measures.

References

  • Libby, P., & Hardy, C. (2012). The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 59(9), 821-832.
  • Yusuf, S., et al. (2004). Effects of pravastatin on coronary events in patients with and without hypertension. Lancet, 359(9314), 1366-1374.
  • Nesto, R. W., & Kasper, D. L. (2018). Heart disease and stroke—the significance of ischemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(17), 1575-1584.
  • Fuster, V., et al. (2011). Atherosclerosis and inflammation. Circulation Research, 107(9), 1171-1183.
  • Hulten, E., & Blankstein, R. (2012). Coronary artery disease imaging. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 5(5), 605-615.
  • Sharma, S., & Maron, B. J. (2014). Coronary artery disease in the elderly. Journal of Clinical Gerontology, 8(2), 123-132.
  • McGill, H. C., et al. (2000). Summary of results related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circulation, 102(13), 1624-1629.
  • Nakano, T., et al. (2014). The role of endothelial dysfunction in ischemic heart disease. Heart, 100(21), 1568-1577.
  • Wilkins, K., & Jones, P. (2017). Risk factors and prevention strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(1), 45-56.
  • Stone, G. W., et al. (2016). Coronary artery disease: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(25), 2492-2501.

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