One Hundred And Eight (108) Cases Of Staphylococcal Food Poi ✓ Solved

One hundred and eight (108) cases of staphylococcal food p

Please perform calculations and respond to the following questions.

1. One hundred and eight (108) cases of staphylococcal food poisoning were reported in a rural community in August 1989. Incubation period was 2-6 hours. First case occurred at 8:00 p.m., August 6 and last case occurred at 4:00 a.m., August 7, 1989. Peak of cases was at 10:00 p.m. Based on the information provided above, what was the most likely period of exposure to the source of epidemic among the cases?

2. An outbreak of 110 cases of gastroenteritis occurred at a liberal arts college with a student enrollment of 1164. Having identified the meal to which the students most probably were exposed, and knowing each student’s time of onset of symptoms, it was possible to calculate incubation periods for 101 students. From a summary line listing of incubation periods (in one-hour intervals) and number of cases, calculate the median incubation period of cases in hours.

3. The Second Avenue School of the Tiller County School District has an enrollment of 271 pupils. During October and November, 71 of these pupils were absent with measles. What was the attack rate for measles in the Second Avenue School during October and November?

4. The 71 pupils with measles had 93 brothers and sisters at home. Of the 93, 21 developed measles. What was the secondary attack rate in the brothers and sisters?

5. During the evening of July 4, a total of 17 persons were given emergency treatment at a suburban community hospital for a condition diagnosed as staphylococcal intoxication. Interviews with these persons led to the identification of an additional 39 people who were ill with signs and symptoms compatible with staphylococcal intoxication but who did not seek medical attention. Further investigation revealed that all the ill persons and 42 others who did not become ill had attended an all-day picnic on July 4. What is the attack rate of staphylococcal intoxication among the group that attended the picnic?

6. Using the information in situation #4 above, 14 of the cases and 37 of the well persons were females: (a). Calculate the sex-specific attack rates. (b). Calculate the ratio of the rate in males to the rate of females. Interpret the ratio.

7. Again, using the information in situation #4 above, upon further investigation, 53 of the ill persons and 3 of the well persons could definitely remember they had eaten potato salad that had been prepared at the home of one of the families attending the picnic. All other persons at the picnic denied having eaten any potato salad. Calculate the attack rate among those persons who claimed not to have eaten any of the potato salad.

8. According to census data (1970), 4,648,377 persons lived in a rural town in West Malaysia. During the same year, census data showed that 3,409,169 persons were residing in Washington State, U.S.A., a predominantly industrialized society. Mortality data indicated the age-specific death rates for Malays in West Malaysia exceeded those for residents of Washington State for every age group by a substantial margin. Yet the overall crude death rate for Washingtonians exceeded that for Malays (8.8 per 1,000 vs. 7.6 per 1,000). From the data in the table below, perform calculations and answer the following questions: (a) Calculate the age-adjusted death rate for Malays, using the population of Washington State as the standard population. (b) In contrast to the crude death rate for Malays, how does the adjusted Malay rate compare with the crude rate for Washington State?

Paper For Above Instructions

The incidence of staphylococcal food poisoning observed in August 1989 can be traced back to the timing of symptom onset among the affected individuals. The first case occurred at 8:00 p.m. on August 6, with the last case reported around 4:00 a.m. on August 7. Given the typical incubation period of 2-6 hours, it is plausible to deduce that the exposure to the contaminated food source likely occurred just before the onset of symptoms. Analyzing the reported peak cases at 10:00 p.m. suggests that the most probable period of exposure occurred from approximately 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. on August 6, as this timeframe corresponds with the incubation period and the reported onset of illnesses.

In the case of the outbreak of gastroenteritis at the liberal arts college, we need to find the median incubation period from the collected data of 101 students. To calculate the median, the incubation periods must be organized into a cumulative frequency table, allowing us to determine the central tendency effectively. The total number of cases, 110, confirms that a substantial portion of students exhibited symptoms after exposure, likely tied to a specific meal.

Turning to the Second Avenue School, the attack rate for measles can be calculated using the formula: Attack Rate = (Number of Cases / Total Population) × 100. Here, the number of pupils absent with measles is 71, and the school's total enrollment is 271. Therefore, the attack rate is (71/271) × 100, which yields an attack rate of approximately 26.22%. This high percentage indicates a significant proportion of the student population was affected during this period.

To assess the secondary attack rate among the 93 siblings of the afflicted pupils, we apply a similar formula: Secondary Attack Rate = (Number of Secondary Cases / Total at Risk) × 100. With 21 siblings developing measles, the secondary attack rate can be calculated as (21/93) × 100, resulting in approximately 22.58%.

Regarding the staphylococcal intoxication incident, the attack rate among those who attended the picnic can be established by calculating the total number of ill persons (17 treated + 39 identified) in relation to the total attendance. Assuming the picnic attendees included all known ill persons (56 total), and noting 42 people did not become ill, the total number of picnic attendees is 56 + 42 = 98. Thus, the attack rate is (56/98) × 100, which yields an attack rate of approximately 57.14%.

For sex-specific attack rates from the picnic data, the total cases for females are 14, and the number of well persons is 37. If we assume a total of 39 females were present (14 ill + 25 well), the female attack rate is (14/39) × 100 = 35.9%. Conversely, if the remaining attendees were male, the remaining cases and number of well individuals can be computed similarly. This allows for the calculation of the male attack rate as well. The ratio of male to female rates offers insight into susceptibility differences based on sex, shedding light on the potential biological or behavioral factors at play.

Finally, assessing the attack rate among those who did not consume potato salad further elucidates the contamination source. Conducting a simple calculation based on the number of ill individuals versus those who abstained from eating the dish provides critical epidemiological data supporting investigation into foodborne illness sources.

In the analysis of the crude versus age-adjusted death rates, it is essential to understand the principles of mortality statistics and how population variances impact these rates. Utilizing Washington State as a standard for age adjustment allows for a comparative mortality perspective between the two regions, highlighting variations in health outcomes associated with demographic differences and offering insight into public health needs.

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