P.M. Forni: Why Civility Is Necessary For Society's Survival

P.M. Forni: Why civility is necessary for society's survival

P.M. Forni emphasizes the critical importance of civility for the stability and well-being of society. In today's America, incivility manifests prominently across various domains—from widespread bullying in schools and rising workplace stress to road rage, political strife, and digital hostility. The increasing prevalence of rude and aggressive behavior has garnered public concern, as many believe that civility underpins the ethical fabric, health, and overall quality of life within communities. This paper explores the historical roots of civility, its relevance to ethics, health, society, and the efforts underway to foster a more civil culture.

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Historically, the concept of civility derives from the Latin term "civilitas," rooted in the Greco-Roman tradition. Originally, it embodied the conduct befitting citizens engaged in the political and social life of city-states—behaviors that promoted the common good and mutual respect. The Latin "civitas," meaning "city" or "state," laid the groundwork for understanding civility as the social glue that binds communities in harmony. Over centuries, this notion has evolved into our modern understanding of civility as respectful, considerate, and benevolent interactions among members of society.

In contemporary discourse, civility is increasingly recognized as vital for societal survival. Civic life is predicated on the assumption that individuals will engage with one another ethically, guided by shared norms of respect and empathy. At its core, civility reflects an attitude of regard for others and a willingness to consider diverse viewpoints, fostering social cohesion in pluralistic societies. As Forni notes, the growing concern over incivility signals a recognition that such behaviors are not mere nuisances but have profound implications for social stability.

From an ethical perspective, civility is deeply intertwined with the principle of respect for persons. This principle, fundamental to numerous ethical systems, advocates that individuals should be treated as ends in themselves, not merely as means to one's personal goals. Civility embodies this ethos by promoting empathetic, respectful interactions. For example, in personal relationships, choosing to offer conciliatory words rather than retaliate preserves dignity and fosters mutual understanding. Such everyday acts of civility reinforce the moral fabric that sustains society.

Research underscores the health implications of civility and incivility. Chronic exposure to stressful interactions at work or in social settings can elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other health problems. Studies cited by Forni suggest that uncivil environments induce physiological stress responses, increasing health risks. Conversely, civil exchanges promote neurochemical releases—such as oxytocin and serotonin—that reduce stress, strengthen immune function, and promote well-being. Positive social interactions thus serve as a buffer against mental and physical illnesses, reinforcing the argument that civility is not trivial but essential for individual health.

The role of civility extends to the broader societal context, with historical figures like John Adams emphasizing its importance for the functioning of government. Adams argued that morality and religion underpin the stability of political institutions, asserting that "a government capable of contending with human passions unbridled by morality" is impossible. Similarly, British jurist John Fletcher Moulton highlighted the significance of "obedience to the unenforceable"—unwritten social norms rooted in conscience and goodness—arguing that a nation's greatness is measured by its adherence to such standards of civility.

Modern nation-states depend on a substantial level of social self-regulation, where civility acts as a moral currency that reduces reliance on formal laws and coercion. This self-regulatory capacity creates less conflict, decreases litigation, and fosters trust among citizens. Civility, therefore, functions as a moral infrastructure that sustains societal order, enabling communities to flourish in harmony.

On a personal level, civility shapes the quality of human relationships. As social animals, humans thrive in environments characterized by cooperation, empathy, and mutual care. Training in civility provides the behavioral skills necessary for establishing and maintaining respectful relationships, which buffer against social isolation—a known predictor of early illness and mortality. Studies by Kiecolt-Glaser and Cacioppo demonstrate that social bonds fostered through civility and empathy significantly enhance health outcomes.

The recognition of civility’s importance has led to numerous initiatives aimed at cultivating a more respectful society. Examples include Duluth's "Speak Your Peace" campaign to promote civil discourse, workplace programs addressing diversity and respectful communication, and hospital efforts to reduce disruptive behaviors among medical staff. These efforts reflect a broader societal trend in the 21st century to re-emphasize civility as a vital component of social and institutional health.

In conclusion, civility is a cornerstone of societal stability, health, and ethical integrity. Its origins in ancient political philosophy underscore its enduring significance, and contemporary research reaffirms its role in promoting individual well-being and social cohesion. As communities and institutions continue to grapple with incivility, fostering civility through education, cultural initiatives, and policy becomes an essential strategy for ensuring the survival and flourishing of society. Civility is not merely a matter of politeness but a vital ethical and social necessity that safeguards our collective future.

References

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