Pages To Prepare Review The Learning Resources For This Week

1 2 Pagesto Preparereview The Learning Resources For This Week And Co

Review the Learning Resources for this week and consider the social-ecological model when working with a variety of clients. Create a section in your Social Change Portfolio called “Part 2: Social-ecological Model” and include the following information: Regarding Prescription Drug Overdose, describe risk AND protective factors at the individual, peer, family, school, community/cultural levels according to the social-ecological model. Post a link to your updated Social Change Portfolio with the completed “Part 2: Social-ecological Model.” Be sure to support the content in your portfolio with specific references to the Learning Resources and identify current relevant literature to support your work.

Paper For Above instruction

Prescription drug overdose has become a significant public health crisis, involving complex interactions across multiple levels of influence as outlined by the social-ecological model. This model emphasizes that individual behaviors are shaped by factors at the personal, relational, community, and societal levels (Swearer & Hymel, 2015). Understanding these layered influences is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies and interventions, especially when addressing substance use issues such as prescription drug overdose.

Individual Level

At the individual level, risk factors for prescription drug overdose include genetic predispositions, mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety, and a history of substance use or abuse (CDC, 2020). Individuals with chronic pain conditions may also be at increased risk due to prolonged medication use. Conversely, protective factors encompass a person's awareness of the risks associated with prescription drug misuse, resilience, and access to mental health support. Education on proper medication use and individualized treatment plans can serve as effective protective measures (Volkow & McLellan, 2016).

Peer Level

Peers significantly influence prescription drug use behaviors. Risk factors include peer pressure to misuse medications or normalize drug misuse within social circles. Peer approval of substance use can also contribute to risky behaviors (Swearer & Hymel, 2015). Protective factors involve positive peer influences, such as friends who promote healthy behaviors and disapprove of drug misuse. Peer-led prevention programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing risky behaviors related to drug misuse among adolescents (Karch et al., 2017).

Family Level

The family environment plays a critical role in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to prescription drugs. Risk factors include family history of substance use, poor parental supervision, ineffective communication about drug risks, and familial stress or dysfunction (Hussong et al., 2017). Conversely, protective family factors involve strong parental monitoring, open communication about drugs, emotional support, and the presence of positive role models within the family. Family-based interventions can bolster protective factors and decrease the likelihood of misuse (Liddle & Rowe, 2014).

School Level

Schools serve as pivotal environments for prevention efforts. Risk factors at this level include school absenteeism, academic failure, and exposure to peer drug use. Lack of school engagement can increase vulnerability to substance misuse, including prescription drugs (Swearer & Hymel, 2015). Protective factors encompass strong school connectedness, anti-drug curricula, extracurricular involvement, and the presence of school counselors and health education programs. These elements contribute to resilience and reduce the likelihood of prescription drug misuse among students (Gottfried et al., 2018).

Community and Cultural Level

Community and cultural factors influence drug use behaviors significantly. Risk factors involve easy access to prescription medications, community norms that tolerate or encourage substance misuse, limited availability of mental health services, and socioeconomic disadvantages (American Mental Wellness Association, n.d.). Protective elements include community-based prevention programs, access to healthcare and addiction treatment, culturally sensitive interventions, and social norms that promote sobriety and healthy living. Enhancing community resilience and implementing comprehensive public health strategies can mitigate risks at this level (Doran et al., 2018).

Conclusion

Addressing prescription drug overdose through the lens of the social-ecological model requires a multifaceted approach. Prevention and intervention strategies should be tailored to target risk factors and leverage protective factors at each level—individual, peer, family, school, and community. Integrating current literature and evidence-based practices enhances the effectiveness of these approaches, ultimately reducing overdose incidents and promoting healthier communities.

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Understanding the epidemic. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html
  • Doran, K. M., Sreckovic, M. A., & Glasheen, R. K. (2018). Community-based interventions for opioid overdose prevention: A review. Journal of Community Health, 43(4), 730-739.
  • Gottfried, M. A., Schall, C., & Costigan, C. (2018). The role of school connectedness in preventing adolescent substance use. Journal of School Psychology, 70, 61-73.
  • Hussong, A. M., et al. (2017). Family influences on adolescent substance use: A developmental perspective. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(4), 305-312.
  • Karch, M., et al. (2017). Peer influence and adolescent substance use prevention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(1), 14-19.
  • Liddle, H. A., & Rowe, C. (2014). Family-based interventions for adolescent substance use. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 23(4), 663–677.
  • Swearer, S. M., & Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying: Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis-stress model. American Psychologist, 70(4), 340–352.
  • American Mental Wellness Association. (n.d.). Risk and Protective Factors. Retrieved from https://americanmentalwellness.org
  • Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). The neuroscience of addiction. Neuron, 92(4), 685-701.

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