Paragraphs APA Format References Needed In 8 Hours! Why Do

1-2 Paragraphs APA Format References Need In 8 Hours!! Why do firms experience evolutionary cycles in which there is a fit between strategy and structure, punctuated with periods in which strategy and structure are reshaped?

Firms often encounter evolutionary cycles characterized by periods of alignment between strategy and structure, followed by phases requiring significant reshaping. These cycles occur because businesses operate in dynamic environments where market conditions, technological advancements, and competitive pressures constantly evolve. During periods of stability, firms achieve a strategic-structural fit that optimizes efficiency and effectiveness. However, when external or internal disruptions occur—such as technological innovation or economic shifts—existing strategies and structures become misaligned, prompting organizations to reshape and adapt. For example, General Electric (GE) experienced such cycles, initially thriving with its diversified conglomerate structure, but later reorganizing during the 2008 financial crisis to focus on core industrial operations. This pattern reflects the natural progression of organizational adaptation in response to changing environments, ensuring long-term competitiveness and resilience (Burgelman, 2002).

Regarding strategic leadership, Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, exemplifies effective strategic leadership through his emphasis on innovation and cultural transformation. Nadella shifted the company's focus towards cloud computing and artificial intelligence, which involved restructuring the organization to foster collaboration and agility. His leadership actions included investing heavily in research and development, cultivating a growth-oriented culture, and encouraging cross-functional teamwork. These initiatives led to a significant increase in Microsoft's market value and a stronger competitive position in the technology industry. Nadella's strategic vision and ability to steer the organization through periods of change demonstrate how effective leadership can positively impact firm performance by aligning strategy and structure with emergent opportunities (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991).

References

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• Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1991). Leader locality: A new perspective on leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 2(2), 141-161.
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• Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
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• Collins, J., & Porras, J. I. (1994). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. HarperBusiness.
• Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning.