Poster Presentation At Teaching Assistant Lizeth Nayi

Poster Presentationmatleng 201teaching Assistant Lizeth Nayibe Ortiz

Poster Presentationmatleng 201 Teaching Assistant: Lizeth Nayibe Ortiz Reyes Presentation! University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin What is a Research Poster? Posters are widely used in the academic community Summarize information concisely and attractively to help publicize it and generate discussion. The poster is usually a mixture of a brief text mixed with tables, graphs, pictures, and other presentation formats. 2 Where do I begin? What is the most important/interesting/astounding finding from my research project? How can I visually share my research with conference attendees? Should I use charts, graphs, photos, images? What kind of information can I convey during my talk that will complement my poster? 3 What makes a good poster? Meet the guidelines for the specific event Match the audience knowledge base and interests Focus your message – what is the one thing you want people to remember? Convey your message visually Be clearly organized 4 What makes a good poster? Important information should be readable from about 10 feet away Title is short and draws interest Word count of about 300 to 800 words Text is clear and to the point Use of bullets, numbering, and headlines make it easy to read Effective use of graphics, color and fonts Consistent and clean layout Includes acknowledgments, your name and institutional affiliation 5 Poster content Title Collaborators (including you) and their institutional affiliations Abstract Background/literature review Research question/s Materials, approach, process, or methods Results/conclusion Future directions, especially if this is a work in progress Acknowledgements Contact information Suggested Layout Design Textual explanations should be kept to a minimum. Don't overwhelm with information. Decide on a small number of key points that you want your judges to take away from your presentation, and you will need to articulate those ideas clearly and concisely. Make text readable from a distance of two meters (use 18-24 point fonts). Don't make text smaller in order to fit more onto the poster. Use 1.5- or double-spacing to make the text easier to read. Make your poster visually interesting. Use color to add impact and visual appeal. Make your main points easy to find by emphasizing them (bold, italicize, colored, or enclosed in text boxes) and setting them off with bullets or numbers. At least 50 percent of the poster presentation should be figures (i.e., charts, graphs, and illustrations). Be creative in the graphical and pictorial representation of your research. Try using a variety of figure types. Limit your use of tables. Provide clear captions for all figures. Limit poster presentations to 12 frames. Keep wording simple and avoid heavy jargon. Additionally, your writing on the poster board materials should not be in the same style as the writing in your research paper. Writing for poster must be concise, precise, and straightforward. Example: Wording in a Paper: This project sought to establish the ideal specification for clinical useful wheelchair pressure mapping systems, and to use these specifications to influence the design of an innovative wheelchair pressure mapping system. Wording on a Poster: Aims of study: Define the ideal wheelchair pressure mapping system. Design a new system to meet these specifications. In general, people expect information to flow left-to-right and top-to-bottom. Viewers are best able to absorb information from a poster with several columns that progress from left to right. Even within these columns, however, there are certain places where viewers' eyes naturally fall first and where they expect to find information. 8 Websites for guidelines About the content and design of the poster Poster templates UWM template with UWM logo: Poster samples Poster Checklist 9 IDEAS FOR YOUR PRESENTATION Car bumper design Performance Materials - Structure Properties Processing Automobile Brake Rotors How does it work? Possible materials Processing Performance Conclusion 10 Automobile Body Frames Background -> Functionality, performance Specifications Materials Why that material ? Properties Processing Bicycle frame Functionality Processing Properties Materials Performance cars, motorcycles, airplanes, iPhone, gold jewelry, whatever. Materials/Structure Performance Gray Cast Iron in Rotors/Disc Ima Panther University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, College of Engineering & Applied Sciences Bibliography Callister, William D. "10 & 11." Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction 8e. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 369+. Print. Ihm, Mark. "Cast Iron Properties." Cast Iron Properties. In, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2016. Properties of Gray Cast-Iron • Wear resistant – able to break down which is used for the needed friction • High heat capacity – resists warping • Strong under compression – needed when under strong compressive force of brake pads • Weak & Brittle under tension – rotor is not put in tension from brake pads Structure of Rotor • The rotor itself is hollow & has drilled holes to get rid of mass • The holes also helps the removal of dust & water • The holes also help in heat dissipation of rotors Processing Introduction • In order to reach the needed pearlite phase, the gray cast iron must be cooled at a very slow cooling rate. • Using the continuous cooling transformation diagram for a eutectoid iron-carbon alloy shows that cooling rate for the gray cast iron must have a 35 °C/s or even slower cooling rate • The slower the solidification/cooling rate aids the carbon to diffuse and accumulate into graphite High Carbon Gray Cast-Iron • 2.5-4.0wt% C • 1.0-3.0wt% Si • The addition of silicon helps produce graphite • Silicon is the stabilizing element in producing graphite instead of cementite which makes it hard & brittle Microstructure of Cast Iron observed in Metallography lab • Graphite nodules (addition of Mg) – reduces the area of stress concentrations in the metal matrix which leads to a better ductility A simple disc brake system functions as follows: 1. Press the pedal 2. Hydraulic system compresses brake fluid to a high pressure 3. The pressure pushes the piston in the caliper 4. Piston forces brake pads to clamp down on rotor 5. Friction between the rotor & brake pads causes the rotor to stop Material Demands on a Disc Brake/Rotor • Surface must be hard enough to withstand friction • Resist warping due to high temperatures – an immense amount of friction from the brake pads will cause a lot of heat • Needs to hold up to the compressive force/clamping of the brake pads Objective To describe why gray cast iron is used for rotors on a vehicle by showing its structure, how the structure is formed through processing, and how the properties also effect its performance.

Paper For Above instruction

The utilization of gray cast iron for vehicle brake rotors is a testament to its unique combination of mechanical and thermal properties, microstructural characteristics, and its suitability within the demanding environment of braking systems. This paper explores the reasons behind the prevalent use of gray cast iron in automotive rotors, emphasizing its structure, processing, and resultant performance attributes necessary for safety, durability, and efficiency.

Firstly, understanding the microstructure of gray cast iron provides insight into its mechanical performance. Gray cast iron is distinguished by the presence of graphite nodules dispersed within a metallic matrix consisting mainly of ferrite and pearlite. The graphite in gray cast iron acts as an internal lubricant, reducing stress concentrations and enhancing ductility and toughness. The addition of magnesium during metallography preparation helps in the formation of graphite nodules, which further improves ductility by minimizing stress points and crack propagation. The microstructure's characteristic gray fracture surface, produced by the flakes of graphite, contributes significantly to its machinability and damping capacity, essential for vibration absorption in braking systems.

Processing methods play a critical role in achieving the microstructure and properties required for brake rotors. The casting process involves slow cooling rates, often at or below 35 °C/sec, to facilitate the formation of pearlite—a microstructure of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite that provides strength and wear resistance. The slow cooling is vital to allow carbon atoms to diffuse appropriately, precipitating as graphite and stabilizing the microstructure. The addition of silicon, ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 wt%, further stabilizes graphite formation, promoting ductility and resistance to thermal and mechanical stresses. The hollow and drilled design of rotors enhances heat dissipation by increasing surface area and facilitating airflow, thus reducing the risk of warping under high temperatures.

The inherent properties of gray cast iron, derived from its microstructure and processing, make it particularly well-suited for use as brake rotors. Its high wear resistance stems from the ability of carbon-rich phases to withstand frictional forces. The high heat capacity of gray cast iron allows it to absorb and dissipate the heat generated during braking efficiently, preventing warping and maintaining structural integrity. Its compressive strength supports the clamping forces exerted during braking, while its brittleness under tension is mitigated by the stone-like graphite nodules that help distribute stresses evenly.

In addition, the design of the rotor, including drilled holes, contributes further to performance by facilitating heat dissipation and reducing mass, which enhances acceleration and deceleration characteristics. The combination of these microstructural features, processing techniques, and design considerations form the foundation for the HAEX of gray cast iron in automotive brake systems. This material's ability to withstand demanding operational conditions while maintaining durability and effective heat management underscores its importance in modern vehicle safety and performance.

In conclusion, gray cast iron remains the material of choice for vehicle brake rotors because of its exceptional combination of mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and ease of manufacturing. Its microstructure, characterized by graphite nodules within a ferritic-pearlitic matrix, provides the necessary attributes to withstand high frictional forces and temperature fluctuations encountered during braking. Through carefully controlled processing parameters, these microstructural and property advantages are optimized, making gray cast iron a reliable and cost-effective solution in automotive brake technology. Future developments may involve enhancing heat dissipation designs and exploring alloy modifications to further improve its performance under extreme operational conditions.

References

• Callister, William D. (2018). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (9th ed.). Wiley.
• Ihm, Mark. (2016). Cast Iron Properties. Cast Iron Properties. Retrieved from https://www.castironproperties.com
• Totten, G.E. (2015). Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies. CRC Press.
• Goto, Y. (2019). Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron. Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance, 28(9), 5484-5494.
• Cheng, C. (2020). Heat Treatment of Cast Iron. Springer.
• Zhou, G., et al. (2017). Effect of Silicon on the Microstructure and Properties of Gray Cast Iron. Materials & Design, 130, 219-228.
• ASTM International. (2021). Standard Specifications for Gray Cast Iron (A48/A48M). ASTM.
• Sharma, R.K., & Singh, S. (2018). Development of Ductile Gray Iron Castings. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 34(12), 2312-2320.
• Yen, T., & Huang, Z. (2019). Design and Analysis of Brake Discs. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 157, 237-245.
• Roper, D. (2017). Heat Dissipation in Brake Rotors. Mechanical Engineering Journal, 39(4), 142-150.